泥石流滩地生产潜力评价及土壤肥力重建-以云南小江流域蒋家沟为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王道杰
|
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2003 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 崔鹏 ; 朱波 |
| 关键词 | 泥石流滩地 土壤肥力 土地生产潜力 土壤培肥 小江流域 |
| 其他题名 | Assessment of potential productivity and reconstruction of soil fertility in debris flow waste-shoal land A case study on debris flow waste-shoal land in the Jiangjia Ravine, Xiaojiang Valley |
| 学位专业 | 土壤学 |
| 中文摘要 | 小江流域泥石流滩地地势平坦，水源充足，光热丰富，是较好的土地资源，开发泥石流滩地已成为该区发展经济和改善生态环境的重要途径。然而，泥石流滩地土壤结构较差，养分贫瘩等不良因素限制了滩地生产力的提高。本文以蒋家沟泥石流滩地为例，通过野外调查取样、田间试验、室内分析及应用加权指数和法等技术方法，对泥石流滩地土壤肥力特性、泥石流滩地生产潜力评价及应用高含沙水泥沙、土壤培肥措施对滩地的改良效应等方面作了初步研究，研究结果表明：（1）泥石流荒滩地砾石含量＞60％，砂粒含量在47．14-72．45％之间，表土层厚度不足5cm；微团聚体（0.25-0.002mm）数量较少，仅为24.23-51.59％；土壤养分除全钾极丰富外，其它养分含量都处于缺乏或极缺乏状态，土壤呈碱性。开发利用对滩地肥力特性有所改善，其有机质和全氮含量改善程度与开发时间呈显著的相关性。（2）小江流域泥石流滩地气候生产潜力（47641kg/hm2）较高。但因泥石流荒滩地土壤结构较差、土壤养分贫痔，其气候一土壤生产潜力（19295kg/hm2）较低，仅为河漫滩耕地的55％，比坡耕地略高。主要限制因素为砾石含量较高，其指数仅为该参评项目的0.13；表土层厚度较薄，其指数为参评项目的0.2；剖面构型和土壤质地指数分别为0.4和0.5；有机质、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾及pH的指数分别为0.27-0.40。（3）高含沙水泥沙对改良泥石流滩地的颗粒组成、微团聚体数量和组成比例效果显著，但对土壤养分含量改善作用较小。改良后土壤物理条件指数由泥石流荒滩地的0.48提高到0.87，土壤养分指数由0.41提高到0.65，土壤有效系数由0.405提高到0.684，土地生产潜力由19295kg/hm2提高到犯586kg/hm2；种植水稻和红薯的产量分别比未引浑停淤改良滩地提高9％和4％左右。（4）土壤培肥对提高土壤养分含量具有重要作用，土壤养分改善效果与施肥水平呈显著相关。不同培肥措施对土壤结构改善作用不同，只施化肥对土壤颗粒和微团聚体组成改善作用很小，化肥配施有机肥对土壤颗粒和微团聚体组成改善作用较大。新开垦1年的滩地经土壤培肥改良后，土壤养分指数由0.41提高到0.80，土壤物理条件指数由0.48提高到0.53，土壤有效系数由0.405提高到0.603，土地生产潜力由19295kg/hm2提高到28727kg/hm2。（5）不同培肥方案对提高农作物产量效果不同，其中以化肥配施高量有机肥（16875kg/hm2）效果最好。根据投产比及田间实际施肥情况，培肥措施以氮肥不低于300kg加矛、磷肥不高于750kg腼尹、有机肥15000-1800okg小mZ为宜。（6）小江流域泥石流滩地地势平坦，光照充足，热量丰富，水源条件较好，通过引浑停淤和土壤培肥对泥石流滩地土壤结构和土壤养分含量改良后，其土地生产潜力由19295kg小mZ提高到32586kg小mZ，同肥力特性较好的河漫滩耕地生产潜力（35159kg/hm2）相比己非常接近，可见，泥石流滩地开发潜力巨大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Debris flow waste-shoal land, with abundant light, heat and water resource and gentle terrain, is an important land resource in the Xiaojiang Valley. The exploitation of waste-shoal land is crucial for economic development and environment improvement. However, poor soil structure and soil fertility limit land productivity of waste-shoal land. So that, this research focused on soil fertility property, land potential productivity and improvement of waste-shoal land in Jiangjia Ravine of Xiaojiang valley through field sampling, field experiments and analyses in door. The major results and some new viewpoints were presented as follow: In wasteland, the gravel accounts for over 60%, the sand occupies 47.14%-72.45% in soil particle. Topsoil is less than 5 cm2 the microaggregate (0.25-0.002mm) occupies 24.23%-51.59%. Soil nutrient is poor except for total K, with high soil pH. The exploitation could improve organic matter and total N, and the extent of improvement is significantly correlative with the time of exploitation. The climate potential productivity of debris flow waste-shoal land is 47641kg/hm2 in Xiaojiang valley. The climate-soil potential productivity is 19295 kg/hm2 and only 55% of river waste-shoal land. The main limiting factors include high content of gravel, low topsoil, and poor soil nutrient. The indexes of gravel content, topsoil thickness, profile structure, soil texture type, organic matter, available N, available P, available K and pH are 0.13, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.27-0.40 respectively. Application of the silt-flow with high sediment could improve soil particle and microaggregate composition. However, soil nutrient has poorly improved. Therefore, the application with silt flow to improve wasteland must be connected with organic and inorganic fertilizer. After land improvement by silt flow in waste-shoal land, the index of soil structure increased from 0.48 to 0.87, the soil available coefficient from 0.405 to 0.684, the climate-soil potential productivity from 19295kg/hm2 to 32586kg/hm2. The yields of rice and sweet potato planted in improved land with silt flow increased 9%, 4% respectively compared with no-improved land. (4) The effect of improvement on soil nutrient content by fertilizer application in field experiments is correlative with the quantity of applied fertilizer. The results of soil structure improvement with inorganic fertilizer are different from organic fertilizer. The latter could greatly improve soil particle and microaggregate composition. After improvement by fertilizer application in one year exploited waste-shoal land, the index of soil nutrient, soil structure, available coefficient increased from 0.41 to 0.80, 0.48 to 0.53, 0.405 to 0.603, along with climate-soil potential productivity increased from 19295kg/hm2 to 28727kg/hm2. Crop productivities could be greatly improved by fertilizer application. The effect of great crop productivity is application of inorganic and great organic fertilizer (16875 kg/hm2). According to economic effects and quantities of fertilization in field, the quantities of fertilization are that carbamide is over 300 kg/hm2 and phosphorus fertilizer under 750 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer between 15000 kg/hm2 and 180000 kg/hm2. After land improvement with silt-flow and fertilizer, the climate-soil potential productivity (32586kg/hm2) of debris flow waste-shoal land is close to of river waste-shoal land (35159 kg/hm2). Therefore, there is great exploitation potential for debris flow waste-shoal land. |
| 学科主题 | 土壤学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-08-05 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/3304]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王道杰. 泥石流滩地生产潜力评价及土壤肥力重建-以云南小江流域蒋家沟为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2003. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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