泥石流切口坝、实体坝栏砂性能试验对比研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 韩文兵 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 欧国强 |
| 关键词 | 泥石流 切口坝 闭塞度 拦截率 回淤坡度 洪峰削减 |
| 其他题名 | Experimental Study on Effect of Intercepting Sediment of Slit Check Dam and Closed-type Dam |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 拦砂坝是泥石流防治工程经常采用的一种工程措施，根据其坝体是否过流，可以分为实体坝和透过性坝。目前，透过性坝在泥石流治理工程中应用广泛，梳子型切口坝（英文为comb dam，在台湾简称为梳子坝，在下文中梳子型切口坝也简称为梳子坝）和单切口坝（英文为slit check dam）是其中两种重要形式．本文主要通过室内水槽试验，对梳子坝，单切口坝和实体坝的拦砂性能进行对比研究。根据试验研究，初步得到以下结论：（1）根据试验观测，共有以下四种闭塞类型：不闭塞；全闭塞；部分闭塞；随机闭塞：并建立了以上四种闭塞类型与b／dmax相互关系．同时证明流体性质对切口闭塞度有着显著的影响，稀性泥石流明显较水石流过梳子型切口坝时闭塞度小。稀性泥石流过梳子型切口坝时闭塞度较其过单切口坝时的闭塞度大。（2）切口深度对闭塞类型有一定影响。但并不改变切口闭塞类型；在相同的试验条件下，对于同样切口宽度而深度不同的切口坝，有闭塞度随切口深度的增加而减小的趋势；在相同的切口深度和水槽坡度下，随着切口宽度的增大，闭塞度有降低的趋势。（3）根据试验研究，在同一水槽坡度下，随着b／dmax的逐渐增大，切口坝泥砂拦截率有逐渐下降的趋势。当b／dmax一定时，泥砂拦截率有随坡度的降低而增大的趋势。（4）根据试验研究，在相同的试验条件下，随着切口深度的增加，切口坝泥砂拦截率有降低的趋势。（5）坡度、切口宽度、切口深度等对梳子坝削减洪峰大小和洪峰稽延效果有一定影响。切口宽度对过坝泥砂峰值浓度影响显著，大致有随切口宽度增大而增大的趋势。（6）根据实验研究，梳子坝拦截泥砂回淤坡度与实体坝相比大致相近，波动范围很小。在相同的切口宽度条件下，切口密度对拦截泥砂回淤坡度有一定的影响，（7）根据试验研究，原沟床坡度（在此为水槽坡度）、泥石流规模和容重等对拦截泥砂回淤纵坡有一定的影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | Check dam is a kind of engineering measure to control the debris flow ,according to the body of the check dam whether it can pass through flow or not. we can divide it into the closed-type dam and open-type dam .nowadays , controlling the debris flow by open-type dam is become very popular, comb dam and slit check dam is two kinds of importance type . the thesis main discuss the function of intercepting sediment of comb dam and silt check dam by the flume experiment indoors. According to the flume experiment indoors, there are some conclusions as follows: (1)According to experiment results, it show that there are four main kinds of closing types(total-closing, opening, part-closing, occasional-closing), the closing types of slit check dam and comb dam are closely link to the ratio b/d_(max) of distance between beam to the gravel's maximum grain size. (2)The slit depth of comb dam influences upon the closing extent of slit , but it doesn't influences upon the closing-type of slit . on the same experiment condition, when we keep the width of slit as the same and change the depth of slit ,the closing extent will gradual decrease if the depth of slit gradual increase; and when we keep the depth of slit and the slope of flume as the same, the closing extent will gradual decrease if the width of slit gradual increase . (3)According to the experiment research ,when the slope of flume keep as the same ,the sediment trap efficiency of comb dam will gradual decrease if the b/d_(max) gradual increase; and when the b/d_(max) keep as the same ,the sediment trap efficiency of comb dam will gradual increase if the slope of flume gradual decrease . (4)According to the experiment research, on the same experiment condition, the sediment trap efficiency of comb dam will gradual increase if the depth of silt gradual increase. (5)The slope of flume , the depth of slit and the width of slit etc influence upon the peak lag and peak attenuation of comb dam .and the width of slit obviously influence upon the peak sediment concentrate of passing through the comb dam . the peak sediment concentrate will gradual increase if the width of slit gradual increase . (6) According to the experiment research, the trapping sediment slope of comb dam is nearly the same with the closed-type dam .when the width of slit is the same , the density of comb dam influence upon the trapping sediment slope . (7)According to the experiment research, the gully slope (it's means the slope of flume in the text), the scale of debris flow etc influence upon the trapping sediment slope. |
| 学科主题 | 自然地理学 ; 灾害学 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-11-03 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/3591]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 韩文兵. 泥石流切口坝、实体坝栏砂性能试验对比研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2004. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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