生态产业园的理论与建设
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 周后珍 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 陈国阶 |
| 关键词 | 循环经济 生态产业学 生态产业园 建设 华宁 五粮液 沱牌 酿酒厂 风险 |
| 其他题名 | Theory and Construction of Eco-industrial Park |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 自工业革命以来，人类的经济取得了突飞猛进的发展，与此同时，生态环境也迅速恶化。为了寻求经济发展与生态环境的协调与平衡，必须在进行经济活动与产业活动的同时，最小化环境影响。以循环经济和产业生态学为理论基础的生态产业园（EIP），模拟生态系统，是一个工业和服务业相互合作、公司之间相互合作的社区，社区同本地社区也相互合作，有效共享信息资源、物质资源、水资源、能源、基础设施和自然栖息地，以达到环境和经济的"双赢"，人力资源的公平提高。它的目的和宗旨，是在发展经济的同时，最优化物耗与能耗，最大化经济，最小化环境影响，最终实现可持续发展。阅读文献表明，国内外对EIP的研究，定性研究多于定量，理论多、案例少。而实际的产业园中，企业很少真正按EIP的理念设计，某些经济实体即使有了EIP的苗头，也没有按生态产业园理论进行系统的总结。本论文针对EIP研究的理论多、案例少，理论与实践、学者与企业相脱离的问题，从理论到实践，对有代表性、有一定基础的企业进行理论总结，并按照产业生态学的原理，自行设计循环经济和生态产业链，为今后的EIP建设提供示范。论文以西昌华宁公司为生态农业园的案例，从园区内单个企业入手，按企业内部不同生产过程形成连续的产业链，由多条产业链构成企业内部物质循环利用（包括原料和污染物、生产过程剩余物等的循环利用），然后分析整个系统的物质循环，定量研究每个企业、每条产业链及整个系统的投入、产出，以及整个系统的环境效益；并在以鸡粪和鸭粪为主要肥源的园艺场进行生物量测试试验，列出园艺场种植石榴的毛收入，识别园区内的关键企业所面临的风险。论文以五粮液和沱牌酿酒产业园为生态工业园的案例，分析循环经济的3R原则在酿酒产业园中的应用，并探讨了酿酒产业园的丢糟、废水利用所得产品一白炭黑、乳酸和沼气的用途与市场前景，以及应对酿酒产业生态系统脆弱性的理论方法，最后将五粮液和沱牌两个酿酒产业园的优势集中在一个理想的酿酒EIP雏形中，为酿酒产业的生态化提供思路。通过案例分析，得出生态产业园在以下方面具有不同于传统产业园的特征：（1）整条产业链的效益大于产业链中单个企业仅优化自身所得效益的简单加和。如华宁生态产业园的园艺场产业链中，单个企业的效益总和为744.87万元，仅占整条产业链效益83994万元的88.68％。（2）系统中单个企业的亏损可以通过整个系统的赢利来弥补。如华宁生态产业园中的草场、奶牛场都是亏损企业，但由于牛奶的深加工，使整条产业链甚至整个系统处于赢利状态，它们的亏损就从整个系统那儿得到了补偿。（3）由于生态产业园将'废物，变为资源，整个系统的环境质量明显高于传统产业园。（4）生态产业园内，由于企业或产业间的共生，给生态产业园带来了利益，但也面临挑战。为迎接挑战，可拓展或延伸生态产业链，增加系统的多样性，提高整个系统的产品占有市场的份额。如经笔者在理论上延伸后的图5.3的酿酒生态产业园雏形。本论文有以下4个创新点：（l）将EIP理论用于定量分析西昌华宁EIP、五粮液酿酒EIP、沱牌酿酒EIP，解决了循环经济、产业生态学理论多、案例少，理论与实践相脱节的问题，实现了循环经济与产业生态学理论与实际应用的统一；（2）对具有一定生态产业园基础、有代表性的企业的生产过程按生态产业园的原理进行系统的总结和完善，定量分析华宁生态产业园产生的经济效益与环境效益，实现了生态产业园研究定性与定量的统一；（3）对具有一定生态产业园发展潜力的酿酒生态产业园，按生态产业园的理念独立设计、延伸生态产业链，为生态产业园的建设提供示范，构建生态产业园从理论到实践的桥梁；（4）对生态产业园面临的风险与挑战进行分析，针对产业生态系统的脆弱性，提出了适当增加生态产业链，以多样性增强系统的稳定性和弹性，将生态系统的原理应用于具体的生态产业中。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the rapid development of the economy after the industrial revolution, the environment deteriorate sharply. To balance the economy with the environment, humankind must minimize the environmental impact during the business activities and the industrial activities. Based on the circular economy and the industrial ecology, an eco-industrial park (EIP) is an analogue of an ecosystem, a community of manufacturing and service business collaborating, and a community of businesses that cooperate with each other, and with the local community, to efficiently share resources (information, materials, water, energy, infrastructure and natural habitat) leading to economic gains, improved environmental quality, and equitable enhancement of human resources for business and local community. During the business activities, the resources' consumption optimally, the economic benefits maximally, the environmental impacts minimally; resulting in the sustainable development are the goals and the objectives of an EIP. A review of the literature revealed that the qualitative researches on the EIP domestically and internationally were more than quantitative those, the theoretical researches were more than those of the cases. Furthermore, the businesses in the industrial parks rarely design them like the ideas of the EIP. Additionally, some businesses have the potential of the EIP, but there aren't systematically theoretical conclusions on the EIP. Aiming at the above question, the goal of the dissertation is to analyse some typical businesses with the potential of the EIP, and to design an embryonic EIP in the distilleries according to the principles of the EIP. One of the cases of the dissertation is the Huaning Corporation in Xichang city, Sichuan province in China. It is an eco-agricultural park. The objectives of the study on the Huaning EIP are to, (1) from each actor, to both industrial chains, then to the system, quantify their economic benefits, and the environmental gains in the whole system, (2) explain a productivity experiment in the soil mainly fertilizing animal manure in the garden, (4) list of the farmers' gains from megranate in the garden, (5) identify the challenges of the key businesses in the EIP. The other two of the cases of the dissertation are the Wuliangye distillery in Yibin city and the Tuopai distillery in Shehong county, Sichuan province in China. They are eco-industrial parks (industrial here pertaining to manufacturing firms). The case studies of the distilleries are to, (1) analyse the '3R' of the circular economy implemented in the distilleries, (2) discuss the usages and the market shares of the products from trash (the lees and the sewage) to cash in the distilleries-the white carbon black, the lactic acid, and methane, (3) the theoretic solutions to the frangibility of the distillery system. Finally, to develop the eco-distilling alcoholic drink, the study of the dissertation is to combine the advantages of the 'Wuliangye' and the 'Tuopai' and start an embryonic EIP in the distillery. The case studies revealed that there were four characteristics of the eco-industrial park different from the traditional industrial park as the followings, (1) The economic benefits of each chain are more than the sum of those of each enterprise in the chain, e.g., the profit of the whole chain is 8.40 million yuan (RMB, the same as the followings), while the sum of those of each actors in the chain including the garden is 7.45 million yuan. The sum of the profits of each actors accounts for 88.68% of the profit of the entire chain. (2) The losses from one or two of the actors can be compensated by the profits from other plants in the whole industrial system, e.g. the grass farm and the cattle farm are both loss enterprises in the Huaning eco-industrial park, however, the milk is manufactured to various products, thus the entire chain even the whole system is in profitability, therefore, the losses from the grass farm and the cattle farm are compensated. (3)The environmental quality in the eco-industrial parks by turning 'waste' to resources is better than that in the traditional parks. (4) The construction of an eco-industrial park leads to the profits by symbiotic relationship of the actors and the industries, but it faces with the challenges. To expand and extend the industrial chains, to improve the adversity of the system, and to gain more market share of the products of the whole system may meet with the challenges, e.g. figure 5.3 showing the embryonic eco-industrial park in the distillery by the author. The study of the dissertation brings forth new ideas of which, (1) application the theories of the EIP to the quantitative analysis on the Huaning EIP, the Wuliangye EIP and the Tuopai EIP, resolves the problems of the researches on the circular economy and the industrial ecology, i.e. the theoretical studies are more than the case studies, the separation of principle from practice, (2) summarizes and consummates systematically the production processes of the businesses with the potentials of the eco-industrial park in line with the theories of the EIP, quantifying the economic and environmental benefits in the Huaning eco-industrial park, combining the qualitative methodology with the quantitative methodology research on the eco-industrial park, (3) designs independently and increases the eco-industrial chains for the distilleries with some potentials of the eco-industrial park according to the ideas of the circular economy and the industrial ecology, exampling for the construction of the eco-industrial park, bridging the theory to the practice on the EIP, (4) analyses the challenges, strengthens the stability and the resilience of the system focus on the frangibility of the industrial ecosystems, and implementing the principles of the ecosystem into the eco-industries. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-08-16 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/6188]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周后珍. 生态产业园的理论与建设[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2005. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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