"3S"技术在草地退化动态监测中的应用-以西藏自治区那曲县为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 李辉霞 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2004 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 刘淑珍 |
| 关键词 | "3S''技术 遥感信息模型 草地退化监测 驱动力系统 草业可持续发展 |
| 其他题名 | Use of 3S Techniques for Monitoring Grassland Degradation |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 草地退化动态监测是草地生态恢复和牧区可持续发展研究的重要内容。本研究在"3S"技术的支持下，以那曲县为具体案例，建立草地退化评价的遥感信息模型，对草地退化的遥感监测方法做出改进。全文分9章：第一章，绪论；第二章，"3S"技术在草地生态环境监测中应用的研究进展；第三章，试验区的自然与人文背景；第四章，草地类型的遥感识别；第五章，草地退化评价的遥感信息模型；第六章，草地退化的动态变化分析；第七章，草地退化驱动力系统分析；第八章，草地经营模式与草业可持续发展理念；第九章，结论与展望。本文首先通过分析地物光谱反射特征的差异来实现草地类型的遥感识别，提高草地分类的精度；其次，根据GPS提供的地理坐标，进行草地退化地理空间信息与遥感影像信息的相关分析，并在此基础上建立试验区草地退化评价的遥感信息模型；接着，应用GIS的空间叠加分析功能，采用评价后比较的方法进行试验区草地退化动态监测的研究；最后，运用定性、定量综合分析的方法对草地退化驱动力系统进行研究，并针对试验区客观条件提出草业可持续发展模式。研究得出主要结论如下：（1）根据地物光谱反射特征的差异，运用谱间关系法、光谱叠合图法等方法对不同草地类型的建群种进行逐步分层分类是可行的。在建群种有效识别基础上，结合专题图、地形图等非遥感信息进行草地类型分类精度更高。（2）以遥感光谱指数TM4／TMS为自变量，草地退化的地面综合评价指标为应变量，采用线性回归技术构建的草地退化评价遥感信息模型y＝1.3831x-0.5931精度比较高，成为草地退化评价的有效方法之一。（3）试验区草地生态系统逆向演替趋势明显，具体表现为草地型从高质量型向低质量型演替，草地退化强度从无明显、轻度退化向中、重度退化演替，以及草地斑块的破碎化。（4）自然环境的变化是试验区草地退化的根本原因，决定了草地生态系统逆向演替的总体趋势；不合理人类活动是草地退化的主要驱动因素，决定了自然条件基本相同地区的草地退化强度的空间分异。（5）基于市场导向的"公司＋基地＋农户"模式是草地经营发展的方向，草地系统工程建设是实现草业可持续发展的重要战略。 |
| 英文摘要 | Monitoring grassland degradation is important content of study on grassland ecosystem rehabilitation and sustainable development of pastoral area. A remote sensing information model of grassland degradation assessment is calculated using 3S techniques in a case study on monitoring grassland degradation in Naqu County of Tibet Autonomous Region, which improves the methods for grassland degradation monitoring using remote sensing. This paper consists of nine chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Advance of study on use of 3S techniques for grassland ecology monitoring; (3) Natural and human background of study area; (4) Remote sensing extraction of grassland types; (5) Remote sensing information model of grassland degradation assessment; (6) Dynamics of grassland degradation; (7) An analysis on driving factors of grassland degradation; (8) Grassland management patterns and forage industry sustainable development; (9) Conclusion and prospect. First, information of grassland types is extracted using remote sensing technique based on the difference of spectral characteristics, which improves the accuracy of grassland classification. Next, according to the coordinates provided by GPS, remote sensing information model of grassland degradation assessment is built on a base of correlation analysis between geo-spatial information and remote sensing information. Then, with the support of GIS space overlapping analysis technique, study on dynamic monitoring of grassland degradation is conducted by means of post-assessment comparison. Last, driving factors of grassland degradation are analyzed by adoption of qualitative and quantitative methods, and a sustainable development pattern of forage industry is suggested based on the external conditionsin of study area. There are some conclusions as follows: （1）Depending on the difference of spectral characteristics, constructive species of different grassland types can be extracted step by step by means of the relationship between bands and spectrographic diagrams. The accuracy of grassland classification is improved on the base of the recognition of constructive species combined with thematic maps and relief maps. （2）With spectral index TM4/TM5 as independent and ground integrated index of grassland degradation assessment as dependent, the remote sensing information model y = 1.383 lx - 0.5931 is built using linear regression technique, which is proved to be a effective way to extract grassland degradation information.（3） The grassland ecosystem of study area is in reverse succession, which can be proved by the reverse succession of grassland types, the degradation of grassland productivity and the fragmentation of patches. （4）Natural changes of study area are the basic reasons of grassland degradation, which decide the trend of grassland degradation. Irrational human activities are the main driving factors of grassland degradation, which decide the spatial distribution of grassland degradation intensity under the same natural conditions. （5）The pattern of "enterprise + base + farmer" based on market orientation is the development direction of grassland management, and grassland ecosystem engineering is an important strategy for forage industry sustainable development of pastoral area. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-08-26 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/6240]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李辉霞. "3S"技术在草地退化动态监测中的应用-以西藏自治区那曲县为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2004. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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