基于长江源风火山多年冻土区典型小流域2004—2007年的观测资料,运用回归和统计分析方法,探讨了气温、地温、降水、土壤水分与径流的响应关系.结果表明:5—9月为研究流域的水文过程活跃期,该时段的径流量占全年总径流量的85%;径流过程中存在春汛和夏汛,夏汛洪峰值明显高于春汛.径流过程中不同时段具有不同的影响主导因子,春汛期主要是65 cm以上的土壤温度和水分起主导作用;夏季枯水期40 cm以上土壤水分与径流是负相关,深层地温和土壤水分起主导作用;夏汛期气温、降水起主导作用;秋季枯水期的影响因子依次为土壤温度、水分及气温.多年冻土区降水大部分冻结在土壤中或者用来补充土壤水分的亏缺,不能直接产流,只有在春汛和夏汛期间与径流保持一定的相关关系. 更多还原

The influence of temperature,ground temperature,precipitation,soil moisture to runoff is studied with the observation data from 2004 to 2007 in Fenghuoshan watershed by regression techniques and statistical methods.The time from May to September is an active time of hydrological process,when 85% of annual runoff forms,with spring flood and summer flood,and the peak of summer flood larger than spring flood.Furthermore,analyzing the factors that control the runoff shows that in different stage the impact factor is different,for instance,soil temperature and soil moisture above 65 cm plays a leading role in spring flood;in summer dry stage,correlation between soil temperature and moisture above 40 cm and runoff is negative,and the deeper soil temperature and soil moisture plays a leading role;temperature and precipitation plays a leading role in summer flood;in autumn dry stage,the impact factors are soil temperature,soil moisture and temperature.In permafrost regions,most of precipitation is always frozen in the ground or used to supplement the deficit of soil moisture,and does not form runoff directly.Precipitation has better correlation with runoff only in spring period and summer flood period. 更多