元谋冲沟小流域塘库沉积与侵蚀产沙研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 刘青 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨忠 ; 范建容 |
| 关键词 | 元谋县 冲沟小流域 塘库 影响因子 |
| 其他题名 | Study on the Pond Deposits with Erosion and Sediment of Small Gully Erosion Catchments in Yuanmou County |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 本论文以云南省元谋县为研究区，该县位于我国典型的金沙江干热河谷区，生态环境脆弱，冲沟广泛发育，土林土柱等景观随处可见，土壤侵蚀严重。本论文在数据可获得的前提下，选取了16个发育情况基本相同的，且在流域出口处有人工或天然的无排水系统的塘库的冲沟小流域为研究对象。具体来讲，本论文的主要内容有以下两个方面：1）建立塘库三维沉积旋回层模型，改进塘库沉积泥沙旋回层体积的测算方法，提高测算精度，获取精度较高的塘库泥沙沉积模数，并在此基础上分析冲沟小流域的泥沙效应；2）分析研究区发育情况相同的冲沟，定量研究其侵蚀产沙的影响因子，找出相对重要性指标因子，为深入该区的冲沟侵蚀产沙研究做铺垫。 本论文基于野外实地调查和测量，并在ARCGIS、SPSS以及办公软件的支持下，完成研究数据的分析处理，得出以下几点研究成果： 1）在ARCGIS软件的支持下，利用趋势面拟合法根据塘库内泥沙沉积的分选规律可在保证各沉积旋回层拟合精度的情况下，迅速地反映出塘库沉积旋回层的实际情况。本论文利用此方法快捷反映出16个塘库2006年——2011年间的泥沙沉积量。这是本论文针对塘库沉积泥沙量测算在方法上的创新点。 2）在数据可获得的前提下，以研究区典型冲沟小流域为例，计算得2006年——2011年间历年坡面侵蚀占流域出口产沙量的比值在泥沙输移比为1的情况下才达14.28%——23.39%，据此认为在无法获得研究区冲沟侵蚀产沙量时，可将整个冲沟小流域的产沙量作为该流域内冲沟侵蚀的产沙量。 3）在控制影响冲沟小流域土地利用及其覆被情况等影响因子的情况下，研究区冲沟小流域内冲沟短轴、冲沟区沟沿长、冲沟区面积以及沟道水流汇合角四项指标对冲沟小流域侵蚀产沙的影响力最大，2006年——2011年间其贡献率之和的平均值达0.817（81.7%）。 4）强降雨过程，尤其是日降雨量≥50mm的降水过程对研究区冲沟小流域侵蚀产沙量年际变化的影响力最大。相关性分析结果也表明日降雨量≥50mm的年降雨总量与研究区发育中期的冲沟小流域产沙量的年际变化相关性最大。 5）单因子相关性分析结果表明：描述研究区“干热”气候的指标中，体现该区长达半年之久的旱季“干热”情况的干燥度指数——旱季干燥度指数与该区发育中期的冲沟小流域产沙量的年际变化相关性最大。 |
| 英文摘要 | The study area of this study is in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province. It is located in the Hot-Dry Valley of Jinsha River, where ecologic environment is fragile, with well-developed gull and earth forest. Based on the available data, we collected 16 catchments with medium-term gully within them and reservoir or pond at watershed outlet. Specifically, the main content of the thesis is in the following three aspects: 1) Create a 3D model of depositional cycle-layers in reservoir or pond, which is in order to improve the volume calculation method of the depositional cycle-layers and obtain higher accuracy reservoir or pond sedimentation modulus. And then analysis sediment effect in the study area’s gully watershed. 2) Study on the same development gully. And then quantitative analysis the factors influencing the gully erosion and sediment yield. This is to identify the more important factors which can pave the way for further study on the gully erosion and sediment yield in this study area. This thesis was based on field survey and measurement. And with the support of ARCGIS, SPSS, and office software and so on, we completed the analysis of the study data with drawing the following conclusions: 1)In the support of ARCGIS software, this study had used the trend surface to fit the depositional cycle-layers with the accuracy expected which was based on the sediment sorting law. And with this method we quickly get the sedimentation of the 16 ponds or reservoirs during 2006 to 2011.This is an innovation in method as measurement of deposits sediment in reservoir or pond. 2) With the premise of available data, we chose a typical gully small watershed as an example to calculate its surface erosion amount which account from minimal 14.28 up to 23.39% of the whole watershed sediment yield in the case of the sediment delivery ratio is 1. So we had drawn a conclusion that in the case that we could not get the gully erosion sediment yield, the entire sediment yield of the gully watershed could substitute for it. 3) In the case of controlling LUCC and other some factors influencing the sediment yield, the four morphological characteristics of gully which were the gully short axis, the length of gully edge, the area of gully and channel flow convergence angle had made the great influence on the sediment yield. The average contribution rate was 0.817(81.7%) during the year of 2006 to 2011. 4) Research showed that heavy rainfall, especially the rainfall which daily rainfall ≥ 50 mm played a most important role on the whole gully watershed sediment yield during the year of 2006 to 2011. The results of single factor analysis also showed that the annual rainfall which daily rainfall ≥ 50 mm had best correlation with the annual sediment yield of the mid-term gully watershed. 5) The results of single factor analysis showed that among the indicators that describing the hot-dry climate, the dry season’s dryness index which reflecting the special hot and dry climate of study area had best correlation with the annual sediment yield of the mid-term gully watershed. |
| 公开日期 | 2014-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/6984]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 刘青. 元谋冲沟小流域塘库沉积与侵蚀产沙研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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