Off-farm employment , or transformation of rurallabor force from traditional agriculture to non-agriculture , and from the rural to the urban , is an inevitable phenomenon associating with the economic development that has to be resolved in time. The industrialization and urbanization in the developed countries have led to low proportion of population in rural areas , and of labor force in agriculture. While in the developing countries , a large proportion of population still stay in the countryside , and of labor force is holding the farming as their major occupation , mainly owing' to low level of urbanization and off-farm employment. It is believed that the level of off-farm employment is indicative of the level of economic development. There are two great challenges in the aspects of employment facing the social and economic development of China.First , a large number of rurallabor force remain surplus and underutiliz.d. Second , over 80 per cent of population and labor force still remain in the rural areas and are mainly engaged in farming , which have and will affect adversely the economic development and ecological sustainability of the rural areas. This is particulary so in the western parts of China.