基于几何形态的地震滑坡数字化分类研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 孟华君
|
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 乔建平 |
| 关键词 | 地震滑坡 分布特征 滑坡数字化分类 滑动距离 |
| 其他题名 | Digital classification of earthquake induced landslide based on geometry shape |
| 学位专业 | 岩土工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 2008年汶川地震以后，大量学者广泛开展了汶川震区地震滑坡的分布规律、发育机理及危险性评估等方面的研究。然而，对于震后防灾减灾工作来说，这些研究尚存在研究对象不够具体、研究范围不够精细、缺乏对广泛分布的中小型地震滑坡发育机理的认识等问题，这些问题也使得现有研究成果在指导震区灾后重建和震后防灾减灾工作时存在认识盲区。因此，开展精细空间内的中小型地震滑坡分布规律、类型特征及发育机理研究成为汶川震区当前防灾减灾工作最迫切需要解决的课题之一。为此，论文选取都江堰市白沙河流域作为研究区域，详细开展了区内地震滑坡的分布、分类及中小型地震滑坡滑动距离预测研究。 论文在对白沙河流域广义地震滑坡发育规律及影响因素详细分析的基础上，提取所有狭义地震滑坡作为研究对象，重点分析了狭义地震滑坡的总体分布、发育特点和不同类型滑坡分布、发育的影响因素及滑动距离研究，最后，对研究区不同类型地震滑坡进行易发性评价，为地震灾区开展精细空间内的防灾减灾工作提供参考。 论文共八个章节：第一章为绪论；第二章为研究区自然地质环境概况介绍；第三章为研究区滑坡基础数据获取及数据分析方法介绍；第四章为研究区地震滑坡分布规律及影响因素分析；第五章为狭义地震滑坡分类方法及不同类型滑坡影响因素分析；第六章为地震滑坡滑动距离分析及预测；第七章为狭义地震滑坡易发性分析；第八章为结论与展望。 通过对大量地震滑坡分析研究，论文主要取得了以下研究成果： （1）在对比、总结前人研究地震滑坡分布规律的方法和分析指标的基础上，基于地震滑坡发育特点和分析精度的考虑，以滑坡面积数据为主、滑坡数量数据为辅、并综合考虑地表面积，提出了采用滑坡面积百分比（Pb）、滑坡数量百分比（Pn）和地表面积百分比（Pa）为评价指标的广义地震滑坡发育规律及地表破坏程度评价体系。该方法不仅可以评价地震滑坡分布规律，还可以明晰不同分布区间滑坡在规模上的特点，同时也为评价同一烈度区内地表破坏程度提供了方法依据。 （2）基于滑坡几何形态与滑坡前缘推力关系的考虑，提出了以滑坡平面形态为分类标志的定量化滑坡分类方法。 该方法以滑坡长宽比R为分类指标，定义R取1时为等距型滑坡、R大于1时为狭长型滑坡、R小于1时为宽展型滑坡，并建立了确定R值范围的理论依据和数学计算方法。 根据该方法将白沙河流域地震滑坡划分为三大类和九小类，分析了三种类型滑坡分布与地质环境的相关性，发现，A.狭长型滑坡易发坡面特点：坡度较大、迎着断裂破裂方向的坡面、凸坡的下部、其它坡形坡面的上部和中部，敏感坡形为凸坡和凹坡，且黄水河群地层分布区易发育狭长型滑坡；B.等距型滑坡易发坡面特点：与坡度、高程关系不明显；优势发育坡面为倾向180°和270°的坡面，对Pt_2 γ地层敏感性较强，多发育在不同坡形斜坡坡度较缓地带，最敏感的坡形为凸坡；C.宽展型滑坡易发坡面特点：优势发育坡向为270°和135°，垂直于断裂走向；Z_1 "k-lg" 地层易发育宽展型滑坡，敏感坡形为凹坡。 （3）通过分析不同因素对滑坡滑动距离的影响，采用数理统计的方法提出了不同形态、不同成因滑坡的水平滑动距离预测模型。 （4）基于证据权重法分析了不同形态地震滑坡的易发权重区间。 |
| 英文摘要 | After 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, many literature and articles provided a lot of information about Wenchuan earthquake induced landslides on distribution, mechanism, susceptibiliy and assessment, which provided a board perspective for us to understand earthquake induced landslide disaster. However, these research focus on the generalize concept of landslide, and the study area is too large, which make it difficult to use these informations to prevent landslide hazards effectively. Besides, the mechanism study only focused on the typical landslides rather than generals, and the achievement are not suit to the most landslides. Therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution and mechanism of seismic induced landslide in a high resolution region, which could provide more useful and detailed informations for landslide prevention. Considering that, the author selected Baisha raiven, Dujiangyan city as the study area, and studied the distribution characteristics and mechanism of small and medium-size landslides. Base on the analysis of distribution characteristic and factors of seismic induced landslide in study area, the narrow sense landslides have been identified. Then, the distribution characteristics, factors, runout distance, and type classification of these narrow sense landslides are focused on. This paper consists of eight chapters: 1) Introduction; 2) The background of study area; 3) The seismic induced landslides data and basic analysis method; 4) The distribution characteristics of seismic induced landslides and factors analysis; 5) Narrow sense landslide type classification; 6) The susceptibility of different types of narrow landslide; 7) The travel distance analysis of different type landslides in study area; 8): Conclusion and prospect. The main conclusions in this paper as following: (1) Based on the analysis of previous research methods and evaluation indexes, this paper presents a method to study the spatial distribution law of generalize earthquake induced landslides by three parameters, they are Pb, Pn and Pa. Statistical results show that this method is not only simple and effective for revealing more informations about landslide spatial distribution in area and hazard numbers, but also the can be used to evaluate the destruction condition of different part of the same earthquake intensity zone. (2) The push force in front of landslide is related to the geometric shape of landslide closely, base on this consideration, a quantitative landslide type classification is proposed. The classification quantitatively parameter is the ratio of length and width, when ratio value is lager than 1, the landslide belongs to L-N (long and narrow) type; when ratio value is smaller than 1, the landslide is called spread type landslide; when ratio value is approximately equal to 1, the landslide is defined as isometric type. According to this classification, the narrow sense earthquake induced landslides in study area have been divided into three categories, and then the the L-N type and Spread type have been devided into five categories and three categories respectively. L-N landslide is susceptibility to slope gradient, slope shape, and slope aspect, and prone to locate in such slopes: steep slope, convex slope, dip to SW45°slope, and those slopes located in Pt2HS stratum. Isometric landslides are prone to distribute in slopes as dip to 180°and 270°, convex slope, and those slopes located in Pt_2 γ stratum. Besides, isometric landslide is less link with slope gradient and elevation. Spread landslide is prone to locate in slopes dip to 270°and 135°, which direction perpendicular to the strike of “Yingxiu-Beichuan” fracture. Another, this landslide type is very susceptibility to Z_1 "k-lg" stratum and concave slope. (3) Based on the analysis of the effect of different factors on landslide runout distance, the travel distance prediction model of earthquake induced landslide and rainfall induced landslide are proposed by liner reg |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2015-03-04 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/7885]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孟华君. 基于几何形态的地震滑坡数字化分类研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：成都山地灾害与环境研究所
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