Modern society faces serious challenges in global population,resources,environment and development issues,mountain resources.It will be very important of mountains that are the strategic repertory region of China.A series of problems relative to environment variation,conservation of biodiversity,disaster prevention and national management in mountain regions are left for scientists to investigate and research.From the point of view of the concepts and properties of mountain,the authors analyzed the position of the mountain science in the geographical sciences,discussed the relationship and differences between the mountain science and montology.The framework of the mountain science is sketched in the paper.The authors proposed some key fields relative mountain science were need to pay high attention:1) process and mechanism of mountain environment evolution;2) development and protection of natural resources in mountains;3) rural and urban development patterns in mountains;4) Formation Mechanism of natural hazards in Mountains and mitigation approaches;5) digital mountain and virtual Reality Technology.The studies on the basic scientific problems and sub-subject of mountain sciences may further enrich the geographical sciences,and provided the theoretic base for the scientific management of resource and environment in mountain. 更多