中国科学院机构知识库网格
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid
中国农田化肥农药生产的温室气体排放估算

文献类型:学位论文

作者陈舜
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2014-05
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师王效科
关键词氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 杀虫剂 杀菌剂 除草剂 温室气体排放 nitrogen fertilizer phosphate fertilizer pesticide fungicide herbicide GHGs emission
其他题名Estimation of Greenhouse Gases from the Production of Agricultural Fertilizers and Pesticides
学位专业生态学
中文摘要    化肥和农药已经成为保障农作物生长和高产的最重要农业投入,但对于中国化肥和农药生产过程中的温室气体排放却缺乏可靠估算,特别是由于我国与欧美国家的能源结构、技术水平、耕作制度等存在差异,国外的估算参数很难直接被我国应用。
    本研究通过收集、整合国内化肥生产和农药使用的相关数据,得出了符合中国目前情况的各种化肥和农药使用的温室气体排放估算参数,初步估算我国农业生产中化肥和农药使用造成的温室气体排放量,为国内的农业温室气体清单研究提供基础数据。
主要研究结果如下:
    1. 在目前我国的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥生产水平下,主要化肥的温室气体排放系数分别为:
    (1)合成氨(液氨)1.672 t CE•(t N)-1,尿素2.041 t CE•(t N)-1,碳铵1.928 t CE•(t N)-1,硝酸铵4.202 t CE•(t N)-1,氯化铵2.220 t CE•(t N)-1,氮肥综合系数为2.116 t CE•(t N)-1。
    (2)重钙0.467 t CE•(t P2O5)-1,磷酸二铵1.109 t CE•(t P2O5)-1,磷酸一铵0.740 t CE•(t P2O5)-1,普钙0.195 t CE•(t P2O5)-1,钙镁磷肥2.105 t CE•(t P2O5)-1,磷肥综合系数为0.636 t CE•(t P2O5)-1。
    (3)氯化钾0.168 t CE•(t K2O)-1,硫酸钾0.409 t CE•(t K2O)-1,其中罗钾法硫酸钾0.443 t CE•(t K2O)-1、曼海姆法硫酸钾0.375 t CE•(t K2O)-1,钾肥综合系数为0.180 t CE•(t K2O)-1。
我国大部分氮磷钾肥的温室气体排放系数普遍为欧美平均水平的2倍左右,因此利用国外系数来估算我国的农业温室气体排放量将严重低估化肥施用的影响。根据以上参数估算,我国2005年因使用化肥而产生的农业隐含温室气体排放量为71.37 Tg CE。
    2. 在我国目前的耕作制度下,小麦、水稻、玉米、马铃薯、油菜和棉花的病虫害防治使用农药所产生的温室气体排放量分别是9.19 (1.86~23.24)、20.54(2.03~50.95)、10.38(3.45~19.32)、5.91(2.15~18.34)、10.84(8.10~13.62)和19.51(5.11~49.01)kg CE·hm-2·a-1,即水稻和棉花最高;但论单产农药温室气体排放量,则油菜和棉花远高于其余4种粮食作物。
每年全国小麦、水稻、玉米、马铃薯、油菜和棉花的病虫害防治使用农药所产生的总温室气体排放量分别是220.8(44.7 ~ 558.4)、606.7(60.0 ~ 1505.1)、336.4(112.0 ~606.3)、30.9(11.2 ~ 96.0)、79.5(59.4 ~ 99.8)和96.4(25.2 ~ 242.2)Gg CE,总计1.37(0.31~3.13)Tg CE。将以上六种作物的病虫害防治情况外推到全国农作物,则我国一年因为农作物病虫害防治而产生的农业隐含温室气体排放量为2.13(0.48~4.85)Tg CE(注:不包括除草剂)。
    基于以上估算,我国农业生产使用的化肥和农药生产中向大气排放的温室气体为73.5 Tg CE·a-1,相当于我国2005年农业部门直接温室气体排放量的32.9%。
英文摘要    Fertilizers and pesticides are among the most important inputs of modern agriculture. However, estimations for greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in the production chain of fertilizers and pesticides in China are still lacking. Foreign emission factors may not well suite the Chinese condition, as to the apprent discrepancies between China and Western countries in energy structure, technical level, tillage habits, etc.
    Aimed to provide elemental data for Chinese GHGs inventory studies, this study collected and integrated domestic data about fertilizers and pesticides production, preliminarily estimated a current Chinese version of GHGs emission factors for various fertilizers and pesticides. The total GHGs emission lead by fertilizer and pesticides usage in China were also estimated.
Main research results were listed as below:
1. Under current condition in China’s various main fertilizers’ manufacturing greenhouse emission factors are:
(1) Ammonia 1.672 t CE•(t N)-1, urea 2.041 t CE•(t N)-1, ammonium bicarbonate(AB) 1.928 t CE•(t N)-1, ammonium nitrate(AN) 4.202 t CE•(t N)-1, ammonia chloride(AC) 2.220 t CE•(t N)-1, general N fertilizer 2.116 t CE•(t N)-1. All these N fertlizer factors are base on a technologically average level in China.
(2) Triple superphosphate (TSP) 0.467 t CE•(t P2O5)-1, diammonium phosphate(DAP) 1.109 t CE•(t P2O5)-1, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) 0.740 t CE•(t P2O5)-1, superphosphate (SSP) 0.195 t CE•(t P2O5)-1, calcium magnesium phosphate(FCMP) 2.105 t CE•(t P2O5)-1, general P fertilizer 0.636 t CE•(t P2O5)-1. All these P fertlizer factors are base on a technologically ordinary level in China.
(3) Potassium chloride 0.168 t CE•(t K2O)-1, potassium sulphate 0.409 t CE•(t K2O)-1, Lop-Lake-Method potassium sulphate 0.443 t CE•(t K2O)-1, Mannheim-method potassium sulphate 0.375 t CE•(t K2O)-1, general K fertilizer 0.180 t CE•(t K2O)-1.
China’s most fertilizers’ GHGs emission factors are about 2 times of western countries’. Thus, the models or inventories using Western factors to calculate China’s agricultural GHGs emissions will significantly underestimate the impact of fertilizer applications.
According to the estimates above, indirect GHGs emission induced by fertilizer usage in China in 2005 was 71.37 Tg CE.
2. Under the current cropping system in China, each year, GHGs emission from insecticides and fungicides usage per hectare of wheat, rice, corn, potato, rapeseeds and cotton in China was:9.19 (1.86~23.24)、20.54(2.03~50.95)、10.38(3.45~19.32)、5.91(2.15~18.34)、10.84(8.10~13.62)和19.51(5.11~49.01)kg CE·hm-2·a-1. In which, rice and cotton ranked the highest. Meanwhile, as to pesticides carbon emission for unit yield, all the 4 grain crops fell far behind cotton and rapeseed.
    GHGs emission induced by insecticides and fungicides usage for these 6 crops in the whole China is 220.8(44.7 ~ 558.4)、606.7(60.0 ~ 1505.1)、336.4(112.0 ~606.3)、30.9(11.2 ~ 96.0)、79.5(59.4 ~ 99.8)and 96.4(25.2 ~ 242.2)Gg CE, respectively, with a total amount of 1.37(0.31~3.13)Tg CE. Extrapolating the above 6 crops’ emission condition to the overall crops in China, 2.13(0.48~4.85)Tg CE are emitted each year for overall agricultural pesticides and fungicides usage.
    Based on the above 2 parts of estimates, in current stage, China emitted 73.5 Tg CE each year for agricultural fertilizers and pesticides usage added up, which equals to 32.9% of China’s agricultural direct GHGs emissions in 2005.
公开日期2015-06-16
源URL[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/13485]  
专题生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
陈舜. 中国农田化肥农药生产的温室气体排放估算[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014.

入库方式: OAI收割

来源:生态环境研究中心

浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。