城市不同遮阴微环境对植物光合、形态及生理的影响研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 于盈盈 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 胡聃 |
| 关键词 | 城市遮阴 光环境 城市植物 光合 适应性 urban shading light environment urban plant photosynthesis adaption |
| 其他题名 | mpact of different urban shading environment on photosynthesis，morphology and physiology of urban plants |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着城市的扩张和高层建筑的增多以及地表构筑物的多样化发展，密集高层建筑群中环境因子的变化及其与植物、人类的相互关系成为研究的热点。本研究通过分析城市不同遮阴微环境中环境因子的特征，以及遮阴环境中大叶黄杨和现代月季光合、形态、生理参数的改变，探讨了不同遮阴环境对城市植物光合固碳和个体生长的影响程度和影响差异，并分析了植物对城市不同遮阴环境的适应机制，以为城市绿化及基于生态服务功能的城市规划等提供参考和依据。 1）建筑遮阴环境特征： 不同遮阴环境之间的差异主要体现在光强和光质上，其它环境因子差异很小。建筑遮阴环境中太阳直射时间的缩短直接导致了日总光强的显著降低，中度遮阴环境日总光强可降至全光照的 60%和 40%水平，重度遮阴环境日总光强为全光照的 4 %水平。建筑遮阴下红光与远红光的比例（R/FR）、蓝光与红光的比例（B/R）高于全光照环境。建筑遮阴下日均气温比全光照处低不超过 1.0℃。气温易受建筑布局、下垫面和绿化的影响。相比全光照，密集建筑群中 CO2浓度的增加不超过10.83μmol•m-2 •s-1。 2）建筑遮阴与乔木冠层遮阴环境差异： 建筑遮阴与冠层遮阴环境之间的差异主要体现在光强的季节波动和光质的改变，其它环境因子差异很小。由于落叶冠层的发展，乔木遮阴下日总光强在春秋两季高于夏季。建筑遮阴则没有明显的季节波动，形成相对静止的遮阴环境。在三个季节，冠层遮阴下的 R/FR和 B/R均低于建筑遮阴环境。乔木冠层下日均温比全光照处的降低幅度与重度建筑遮阴的降温效果相当。建筑遮阴处日均 CO2浓度高出冠层遮阴处最多不超过 10.90μmol•m-2 •s-1。 3）不同梯度的建筑遮阴对城市植物光合生长的影响： 在 60%和 40%水平的中度建筑遮阴环境下，大叶黄杨的光合能力分别下降了14.60和 21.86%，新枝生物量下降 3.12和 15.00%。植物的光合、形态和生理性状均发生改变以适应光强的降低。形态和生理性状的改变一方面增加植物在弱光下的捕光能力，另一方面提高植物对光能的利用能力，以使植株能够维持正向的碳平衡。月季对遮阴环境的变化比大叶黄杨更敏感。遮阴环境下月季叶片日净固碳量和新枝生物量的下降程度（16.24-35.47%）大于大叶黄杨。建筑遮阴下单叶面积下降、株高增加，以及高的形态和生理的可塑性说明月季在遮阴环境中更倾向于投资到支撑组织，以增强对资源的获取，而大叶黄杨的适应策略是减少碳损失。 4）建筑遮阴和乔木遮阴对城市植物的影响差异： 建筑遮阴和乔木冠层遮阴下光环境的季节波动不同使植物的生长模式不同。春季冠层未封闭时冠层遮阴下更优的光环境使大叶黄杨能够在生长季前期保持相对更快的叶的生长速率和更大的光合能力，以最大程度的利用光能。4%水平的重度建筑遮阴不利于大叶黄杨的生长，虽然大叶黄杨的形态和生理作出了对弱光环境的适应，其光合能力仍然比全光照下降了 53.46%，低的光合能力无法积累更多的生物量，新枝的生物量比全光照下降了 47.92%。这说明建筑遮阴处植物受到全年相对静止的弱光环境影响，但建筑遮阴下高的 B/R和玻璃反光光斑的存在有利于大叶黄杨的光合生长。月季在冠层遮阴下光合受到抑制的程度大于大叶黄杨，无法在重度遮阴中长期生长。月季的 Pnmax在冠层遮阴下比全光照低 62.48%，光合能力低，暗呼吸水平高，不利于其在冠层遮阴下的碳积累，因此新枝和叶的生物量降低至低的水平，并存在高的死亡率。这种影响不仅来自光强的降低，也来自冠层遮阴下 R/FR的降低。 |
| 英文摘要 | The number of high-rise buildings is gradually increasing with city’s expansion. It has been research hotspots about characteristic of environment in and aroud high-rise building group and its relationship with urban plants and human beings. In this study we analyzed characteristics of environmental factors in different urban shading microenvironments, as well as the changes of photosynthetic, morphological and physiological parameters of Euonymus japonicus L. and Rosa hybrida growing in these shading environments.The influence of urban shading environments to the photosynthesis，carbon fixation and growth of the two plants was discussed, and we analyzed the adaptation mechanism of plants to different urban shading environment.The conclusion of the study could provide references and suggestion to urban greening and urban planning based on ecological service function. 1) Characteristics of environmental factor in different shadings by buildings: The difference of three levels of building shading environments was mainly about light intensity and light quality, and it had small difference in other environmental factors.The total daily photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased with the shorten of direct sunlight duration in the day. In the moderate shadings, daily PAR decreased to about 60% and 40% levels of full sun environment, while the value decreased to about 4% in deep shade by buildings. The ratio of red light to far-red light (R/FR) and blue light to red light (B/R) in building shadings were both higher than full light. The daily average air temperature (Ta) was no less than 1.0℃ in building shadings than in full light and CO2 concentration was no less than 10.83μmol•m-2•s-1. 2) Variation between building shadings and canopy shading: The difference between building shadings and canopy shading environments was mainly about seasonal fluctuations of light intensity and light quality. Daily PAR in the canopy shading was higher in spring and autumn than in summer, while it had no obvious fluctuations among seasons in building shadings. R/FR and B/R was lower under trees canopy than builings. The canopy shading environment had fairly cooling effect comparing to the deep shade environment by buildings. The CO2 concentration was higher in deep shade by buildins, but the difference is no less than 10.90μmol•m-2•s-1 . 3) Impact of different levels of building shadings on photosynthesis and growth of plants: Photosynthetic capacity of E. japonicus L. decreased 14.60% and 21.86% in two moderate building shadings than plants in full light， and biomass of new shoot decreased 3.12% and 15.00%, respectively. The changes of morphological and physiological traits not only increased light-harvest capacity in low light, but also improve the light utilization ability, in order to maintain a positive carbon balance when the time photosynthesis decreased in building shadings.R. hybrida was more sensitive to light exchange than E. japonicus L.. The decrease of new shoot biomass in building shadins was 16.24-35.47%, larger than E. japonicus L.. R. hybrida growing in building shadings showed decreased leaf area, inceased plant hight and large plasticity of morphological and physiological traits, which indicated that R.hybrida tends to develop support organization primarily in order to enhance ability of access more light resources in low light. However, the adaptation strategies for E.japonicus L. was to reduce carbon losses in low light. 4) The impact differences between building shading and canopy shading on urban plants: Seasonal fluctuation of light intensity in canopy shading and relative stabilization in building shadings caused variation in seasonal growth mode of plant. E. japonicus L. growing in canopy shading could maintain relatively greater leaf photosynthetic capacity and faster growth rate than those in deep building shadings in spring because of better light conditions in the former when canopy was not closed. Although E. japonicus L. had made morphological and physiological adaptations to low light conditions, the deep shade by buildings was not conducive to its growth, its photosynthetic capacity decreased 53.46% and biomass of new shoot decreased 47.92% than in full light. Growth inhibition indicated that plants in deep building shadings suffered relatively static and chronic low light stress, although high B/R and lightflect by glass benefited photosynthesis and growth. R. hybrid could not keep positive carbon accumulation for long time in deep shade. Pnmax of R. hybrid was 62.48% lower in deep shade by canopy than in full light, and the low photosynthetic capacity and high dark respiration resulted in very low biomass of new shoot and leaves. Both low light intensity and low R/FR affected growth of R.hybrid. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15607]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 于盈盈. 城市不同遮阴微环境对植物光合、形态及生理的影响研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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