氟工业区河流全氟化合物-PFCs 输移的时空特征研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 朱朝云 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 王铁宇 |
| 关键词 | 全氟化合物 氟工业区 河流输移 时空分布 危害评估 Perfluorinated compounds fluorine industrial area river transport spatial distribution hazard assessment |
| 其他题名 | Spatial-temporal Characteristics of PFCs transportation in river along fluorine industrial area |
| 中文摘要 | 在过去的 60多年，全氟化合物（PFCs）由于其特殊的物理化学性质而被普遍应用于多种工业与民用领域的产品生产过程中，也使得 PFCs通过多种方式进入到环境介质中。它们在环境中的持久性以及本身所具有的难降解性、生物蓄积性和生物毒性，使得 PFCs在各类环境介质、生物体和人体内都能检测的到，并成为威胁生态环境安全和人群健康安全的隐患。目前全球范围内已经开始限制毒性较大的 PFOS的生产与使用。 全氟化合物的河流输移是其在环境中的主要传输途径，当前国内关于水环境中 PFCs的研究主要集中于各类水体、沉积物 PFCs的污染程度和空间分布等，而对典型氟化工区周边水环境 PFCs的污染特征以及长期河流输移特征尚未有相关结论。因此本文选择阜新典型氟工业区河流（大凌河及其主要支流）为研究对象，分不同的时期进行了多次采样，对水体中 PFCs的污染特征、空间分布以及河流输移和风险评估等做了具体分析，得出以下主要结论： 大凌河水体中全氟化合物浓度水平变化幅度较大，总浓度变化范围为 1.09 ~9536 ng/L，主要 PFCs组分为 PFBA、PFBS和 PFOA，这三者的浓度对总浓度的贡献达到 90%以上。研究区域水体 PFCs在空间上的含量分布变化也很大，PFCs总浓度最高的河段是细河流经阜新氟化工园区河段，其次是细河汇入大凌河主河道后河段，细河流经阜新市区河段 PFCs浓度水平较低，大凌河白石水库河段PFCs水平最低。研究区域内水体 PFBA、PFBS以及 PFOA含量的空间分布与PFCs总量的空间分布十分一致。 研究区域内全氟化合物的河流输移特征受研究区域内氟工业区的影响极大，主要表现在细河阜新河段和大凌河锦州河段。细河在流经阜新市区时水体中全氟化合物总量水平较低，流经氟化工园区后，水体中全氟化合物含量急剧升高，并且在整个氟化工区河段含量均较高。细河汇入大凌河主河道后受到大凌河水的稀释作用水体全氟化合物浓度有所下降，但仍然保持在较高水平。大凌河下游水体全氟化合物浓度由于接纳了上游 PFCs输入也较高，并维持在相对稳定的浓度水平。在研究期间水体中全氟化合物最高浓度时期是 2013年 7月份，最低浓度时期是 2013年 1月份，PFBA、PFBS和 PFOA含量的时间变化趋势基本上与全氟化合物总量保持一致。 研究区域不同河段全氟化合物污染来源不同。细河流经阜新市区河段水体中PFCs来源主要是含氟产品的使用；流经氟化工区域有含 PFCs污水的直接排放，该区域主要有两大氟化工园区，并且对园区企业的含氟产品分析发现有年产几千吨的含氟相关产品生产项目，而含氟产品生产过程会产生多种含氟有机物质以及全氟羧酸盐，由此推断这两个工业园区的生产排放是全氟化合物的主要污染来源；细河汇入大凌河主河道后河段水体全氟化合物主要来源是上游输入，即氟化工区排放输入；大凌河白石水库河段水体样品中 PFCs含量很低，且该区域没有明显化工污染源，可能来源于生活污染源和大气沉降。 研究期间大凌河水体中全氟化合物（PFOA、PFOS、PFBA和 PFBS）浓度对水生态系统的整体危害很小，部分断面 PFOS的含量对研究区域内食鱼禽类有一定危害。大凌河白石水库河段水体全氟化合物的饮用水健康风险分析表明该河段作为饮用水源河段不会对人体健康带来危害。研究区域内沉积物中的 PFOA和PFOS对底栖生物的危害较小。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the past 60 years, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been used universally in both industrial and domestic products due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, which made PFCs enter the environment through various ways. Their characteristics of environmental persistence, hard to degradation,bioaccumulation and biological toxicity made PFCs ubiquitously distributed in the world within the scope of the all kinds of environmental media, organisms and the human body. The widely existence of PFCs has posed certain environmental risks to the ecosystems and human. The production and usage of Perfluorooetane sulfonate(PFOS) have been restricted worldwide by now. The transportation of PFCs in river system is considered as the main environmental transport way of PFCs. Research of PFCs in China water environment so far have been mainly focused on their occurrences and distributions in diverse water bodies and sediments, yet little information is available about the pollution characteristics and long-term transport behavior in water bodies adjacent to typical fluorine industrial area. The present study focused on the PFCs pollution in Daling River adjacent to typical fluorine industrial area of Fuxin City. The occurrences,distributions, transport in river and hazard assessment of PFCs were analyzed through 5 researches in different period. The major conclusions could be drawn as follows: The concentrations of ΣPFCs in Daling River ranged from 1.09 to 9536 ng/L. Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were dominant components with contributions over 90 percent to the total PFCs. The spatial distribution of ΣPFCs in water of research area varied largely. High concentrations of ΣPFCs were widely found in the reach of the Xi River adjacent to the fluorine industrial parks of Fuxin while the concentrations of ΣPFCs were low in reach flow through Fuxin City. After the Xi River met the Daling River, the concentrations of ΣPFCs decreased but were still very high. The concentrations of ΣPFCs in Baishi Reservoir reach were lowest in research area. The spatial distribution of PFBA, PFBS and PFOA were consistent with spatial distribution of ΣPFCs. The transport behaviors of PFCs in river were significantly affected by the existence of the fluorine industrial parks in study area, and this situation was mainly observed from Fuxin reach of the Xi River to Jinzhou reach of the Daling River. When the Xi River flow through Fuxin City, the concentrations of PFCs were very low. After the river flow into the fluorine industrial area where two fluorine industrial parks located, the concentrations of PFCs increased sharply and kept at a high level in this area. When the Xi River joined Daling River, the concentrations of PFCs decreased due to dilution but still on a relatively high level. The downstream of Daling River also have a relatively high level of PFCs because of the input from upstream. In study period, July of 2013 had the highest levels of ΣPFCs while January of 2013 had the lowest levels of ΣPFCs on average. The time trends of PFBA, PFBS and PFOA were in accordance with ΣPFCs. There may have different sources of PFCs in different reaches of river in study area. The main source of PFCs in reach inside Fuxin City may be the use of fluorinated products. Two fluorine industrial parks located in the fluorine industrial area and discharge sewage directly to the Xi River. The annual capacity of fluorinated products in companies inside these two parks have reached to thousands tons, and many organic fluorine chemicals and salts of PFCs were produced in the product process of fluorinated products, which might be the main source of PFCs in this area. The source of PFCs in downstream of Daling River was the input from upstream of the Xi River. No industrial source were found in Baishi Reservoir reach of Daling River, and the low level of PFCs in this area might come from domestic pollution sources and atmospheric deposition. The hazard of PFOA, PFOS, PFBA and PFBS in surface water of Daling River to the aquatic ecosystem were low in study area, but the concentration of PFOS in several points of Daling River had caused risk to fish-eating birds in study area. The drinking water health risk analysis of PFCs in surface water from Baishi Reservoir reach showed no risk to human health. The risks of PFOA and PFOS in sediment were also very low in study area. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15625]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱朝云. 氟工业区河流全氟化合物-PFCs 输移的时空特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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