基于生命周期方法的产业共生环境效益评价
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 聶鑫蕊 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 刘晶茹 |
| 关键词 | 产业共生 生命周期视角 共生体构建 环境效益评价 Industrial Symbiosis Life Cycle Perspective Constructed Symbiosis Environmental Assessment |
| 其他题名 | Life Cycle Assessment Of Industrial Symbiosis |
| 学位专业 | 环境经济与环境管理 |
| 中文摘要 | 伴随着中国经济近30年的高速粗放式的发展，其高资源投入和低生态效率的传统发展模式使我国工业化发展面临着资源环境双重约束，而构建产业共生系统可以为环境系统和经济系统的协调发展提供有效的解决方法与途径。为了更好地建设和发展产业共生体，避免效益评价中出现“污染转移”、以及污染物排放的“外溢”现象，应该将产业共生体的评价深入到共生体内部，而不是将共生体作为“黑箱”来处理。共生体效益的评价必须涵盖共生体的上、下游过程及替代过程等“全过程”的环境影响。由此，本文结合产业生态学的基础知识和产业共生体的特点，从生命周期的视角，开展了产业共生体全生命周期环境影响评价的研究。 通过文献回顾和分析，本文首先提出了基于生命周期视角的产业共生效益评价的方法框架。作为一个新兴的研究领域，该方法框架以传统的生命周期评价方法步骤为基础，并结合了产业共生系统的特点，在功能单位确定、参考系统设置，系统分配、清单数据收集和分析方法等相关问题上进行了一定的创新和改进，进而为产业共生体提供“全过程”环境效益评价结果。基于此方法框架，本文对以下两个案例园区的产业共生体进行环境效益评价：首先是珠海高新技术产业开发区的能源共生体，通过设置完全独立、部分共生及完全共生的三种情景，进行温室气体减排的效益比较，结果表明完全共生情景可减少园区7.50E+06kg CO2-eq的温室气体排放；其次是成都经济技术开发区的物质共生体，通过对比包括园区现状、废钢回收以及废钢回收+零部件再制造的三种情景下，基于CML2001方法得到的环境影响结果，可以看到通过废钢的再利用以及发动机再制造，共生体总环境影响在园区现状的基础上削减了10.5%。最后，基于全生命周期的环境影响分析结果，针对共生体实现进行了定性的措施探讨。 将生命周期思想引入产业共生环境效益评价的研究中，不仅扩展了生命周期评价方法的研究尺度，同时也能够为扩展产业共生网络研究提供发展方向，为我国工业园区的生态化改造提供指导。 |
| 英文摘要 | With nearly 30 years of rapid and extensive development of Chinese economy, the traditional development model acting as high resource inputs and low eco-efficience makes Chinese industrialization development dually constrained by both resources and environment. Under this situation, constructions of industrial symbiosis provide effective solutions to the border conflict for environmental and economic systems. To realize the coordinated development of the parks in the economic and environmental aspects, countries have gradually developed the practice of industrial symbiosis. However, the development of national symbiotic status were not as ideal as expected, so that's the reason why more studies began to shift in the evaluation of the effectiveness of industrial symbiosis for better construction and development of industrial symbiosis. In order to avoid "pollution transfer", as well as emissions of " spillover " phenomenon, ―the whole process‖ environmental impact of the system should be evaluated in depth to industrial symbiosis, covering not only the system itself, but also the upstream and the downstream process. Consequently, this study proposed the introduction of life-cycle perspective to evaluate the environmental benefits of industrial symbiosis based on basic knowledge of industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis. According to the literature reviews of the research methods, this article proposes benefits evaluation framework of industrial symbiosis based on life cycle perspective. Functioning as an emerging field of research, the methodological framework is based on the traditional steps in life cycle assessment, it is also combined with the characteristics of the system in industrial symbiosis as well. There are some innovation and transformation in determining the functional unit, setting the reference system, the system of distribution , collection and analysis of inventory data and some other related issues. In turn, the industrial symbiosis ―the whole process‖ evaluation framework for environmental benefits and construction and evaluation of industrial symbiosis is applied in the case of the park. Based on the method and framework, two case studied in the paper are evaluated for environmental assessment. The first one is the energy symbiosis in Zhuhai National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, there is a comparison in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by setting three different symbiotic scenario including complete independence, partly symbiosis, complete symbiosis, and the results show that completely symbiotic scenario is the most effective, which can reduce 7.50E+06kg CO2-eq emissions. And also contribution of higher corporate in the symbiotic chain network is found throughout the life cycle greenhouse gas—Yuhua polyester for determining the ecological transformation of key enterprises. The second one is the material symbiosis in Chengdu National Economic and Technological Development Zone in this case. To compare the environmental influence based on CML2001, the study is conducted by setting three scenarios including status of the park, scrap iron recycling ,and scrap iron recycling combied with motor remanufacturing. After calculation, it is shown that the overall environmental impact in the symbionsis was reduced 10.5% by scrap iron recycling and engine remanufacturing. Based on the findings of environmental impact of whole life cycle, this article initially identified development direction for symbiosis network in the case parks, and discussed qualitatively the measures to promote the realization of construced symbiosis. The introduction of life cycle thinking into environmental benefit evaluation of industrial symbiosis, can not only expand traditional life cycle assessment study and methodology scale, but also provide a new perspective for assessing environmental benefit of industrial symbiosis, which can raise a new direction for the development of industrial symbiosis network expansion, and guidance for ecological transformation of industrial parks in china. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15643]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 聶鑫蕊. 基于生命周期方法的产业共生环境效益评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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