中国科学院机构知识库网格
Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid
人类活动对滦河沉积物重金属的影响

文献类型:学位论文

作者王赵明
学位类别博士
答辩日期2014-05
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师陈利顶
关键词滦河 流域 沉积物 重金属元素 空间分布 影响因素 地理加权回归模型
其他题名The impact of human activities on heavy metals in sediment of Luan River Basin
学位专业生态学
中文摘要      近年来,随着经济的快速增长,我国华北地区大多数河流污染状况严重,而沉积物重金属,由于其具有生物毒性、生物易富集性及持久性特点,引起了世界各国专家学者的关注污染问题,成为学者研究水域与土壤污染的热点。本文以华北平原的北部生态屏障——滦河流域为研究对象,针对沉积物重金属的研究多集中在城市河流,海岸带和入海口等小尺度单元上,而对于大尺度研究相对较少的情况下,综合考虑河流整体水环境、分析河流水体重金属、沉积物重金属、沉积物理化特征、综合社会经济统计年鉴、土地利用现状,利用地理加权回归模型和空间自相关的空间探索性数据分析,对滦河沉积物重金属进行分析和评价,并探讨了行业对沉积物重金属的影响。
      本文针对目前研究中存在的问题,结合流域人类活动影响,在“划分子流域”水环境管理概念下,以滦河流域为研究区域,从沉积物重金属、水环境因素、土地利用和社会经济产值等方面,分析滦河沉积物重金属的空间分布、污染评价和受人类活动影响,在此基础上,对沉积物重金属的影响因素进行识别。主要得到了以下的结论:
      首先对滦河沉积物重金属的地球化学特征进行了分析,将实测的沉积物重金属数据与华北平原土壤重金属背景值进行分析比较可知,滦河沉积物重金属重金属元素铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)和铬(Cr)元素的含量,利用单因子评价和地累积指数法进行评价,发现这六种元素的含量大部分都已经超过了华北地区的背景值。
      其次,摸清滦河环境特征季节差异大等特点对水环境中重金属迁移转化的影响的情况下,在丰水期、枯水期分7次,共采集了84个样点,除了元素Cu含量在2011年有升高外,其余元素的含量保持稳定。对滦河流域十条支流重金属元素含量进行多元统计分析,发现元素Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn在支流上呈现显著性差异,而柳河的重金属含量要高于其它河流。对每个样点的沉积物重金属、河岸带重金属和水体重金属进行显著性分析,得出除Cd外,其余重金属元素在沉积物中显著高于河岸和水体。系统地分析了滦河沉积物重金属污染特征及污染程度,并考虑滦河水环境特征,结合多种环境条件研究影响重金属季节变化的因素进行分析得知,滦河沉积物重金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr污染特征,均已受到不同程度污染;重金属Cd污染严重。采用基于因子分析特征主控因子分析了沉积物重金属的主要来源,主要自然风化和沉积、工业污染以及农业面源污染与大气沉降。
      最后,利用空间探索性空间数据分析方法中的空间自相关指数和地理加权回归模型,分析了滦河流域沉积物重金属元素呈现不同集聚效应的原因,并给出了哪些行业是导致重金属污染的最直接原因。
英文摘要      In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and acceleration of urbanization process, the pollution of China’s urban areas’ river is becoming more serious. Among the various contaminates, heavy metals have become more serious due to their toxicity and persistence. As the main accumulation of heavy metal in the water environment, sediments reflect the heavy metal contamination of the water. We can determine the level of contamination and pollution sources in the research areas and know the spread of heavy metals according to studying contents and horizontal distribution of heavy metals in the sediment.
      Based on the critical problems existing in the management of heavy metals in sediment, and combined with the characteristics of human activites, this paper takes the Luan River Basin as study area, analyzed the heavy metals concentration in surface sediment, water quality, land use, statistical yearbook in recent 3 years, sediment pollution assessment is carried out using Pollution index (PI), Geo-Accumulation index (Igeo) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). Hg and Cd are the metal with the highest contamination level. Cluster analysis (CA), principle component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis are used to identify and evaluate the characteristics of the spatial distributions of heavy metal contamination in the mainstream and ten tributaries of the basin. Potential sources of the studied metals are also discussed.
      This study explored the spatial pattern of heavy metals in sediment of Luan River Basin using Moran’s I statistic of spatial autocorrelation and geographic weighted regression (GWR) model. The index of local Moran’s I is a useful tool for identifying pollution hotspots of heavy metal pollution in sediment, and for classifying them into spatial clusters and spatial outliers. The study is analyzed using GWR method for the spatial modeling of heavy metals in Luan River. This study has indicated that GWR provides a promising method for spatial modeling of heavy metals and it can be able to obtain spatial differentiation of the impact of the driving factors on heavy metals contamination. Meanwhile, this study can also support the government decisions on industry management for the study areas.
公开日期2015-07-07
源URL[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15714]  
专题生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
王赵明. 人类活动对滦河沉积物重金属的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014.

入库方式: OAI收割

来源:生态环境研究中心

浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。