土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响——以延安市宝塔区为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王江磊 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 吕一河 |
| 关键词 | 生态系统服务 土地利用变化 综合分析 黄土高原 生态系统管理 ecosystem services land use changes coupling analysis the Loess Plateau ecosystem management |
| 其他题名 | The effects of land use changes on ecosystem services: the case of the Baota District, Yan’an City |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生态系统服务是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，而土地利用变化作为联系自然生态系统与人类活动的桥梁，与生态系统服务有着密切的关系。在当前生态环境不断恶化，土地资源日益紧张的背景下，土地利用变化与生态系统服务的综合研究对于探讨土地利用变化与生态系统服务相互作用的机制，科学合理地利用土地资源，管理生态系统，实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本文选择生态恢复和重建的典型区域——延安市宝塔区为研究对象，分别分析了 2000年至 2010年土地利用与生态系统服务的变化，并将两者进行综合分析，以此为依据提出了一种生态系统管理的思路，为研究区内的生态恢复和可持续发展提供参考。 1990年至 2010年之间，研究区内的耕地面积减少了 20.1%，草地和灌丛面积分别增加了 16.6%和 4.6%，变化主要发生在 2000年和 2010年之间。根据10个土地利用变化指标利用 K-means聚类分析分别在乡镇和村尺度进行分析，将研究区分为了乡分类 I–IV和村分类 I–IV，在乡镇和村尺度归纳了土地利用变化空间异质的类型特征。 利用以生物量为主要因子的模型和定量指标打分法，对 2000年和 2010年的 5种主要生态系统服务进行了评估，包括土壤保持、碳固定、水源涵养、粮食生产和文化服务。结果显示，从 2000年到 2010年，5种生态系统服务提供能力均有所增长。土壤保持服务增长了 76.9%，碳固定服务增长了 36.9%，水源涵养服务增长了 123.2%，粮食生产服务增长了 76.4%，文化服务增长了 16.8%。 将土地利用变化与生态系统服务评估的结果结合起来进行综合分析，发现了研究区内生态系统服务与土地利用之间的联系。森林和灌丛面积比例高的地区土壤保持、碳固定、水源涵养和文化服务均比较高，而耕地面积比例高的地区各项生态系统服务的水平均较低。耕地面积减少最多的地区，几项服务的增加幅度最大。我们根据研究区内的这种关系，提出一种基于生态系统服务的精细化生态系统管理的思路。结合土地利用变化与生态系统服务的结果，在乡镇尺度上将研究区分为了生态脆弱区、生态提高区和生态保育区，提出生态系统服务管理目标和相应的土地管理措施，并根据村尺度上的空间差异，在分区内实行差异化的管理措施。 |
| 英文摘要 | Ecosystem services are the foundation of human survival and development. Land use changes are closely connected with ecosystem services, since it is the bridge linking natural ecosystem and human activities. Nowadays, the environmental degradation and land scarcity is accelerating globally. The coupling of ecosystem services and land use changes is of great significance for land use planning and ecosystem management, and for sustainable development in the long run. In this thesis, the Baota District was selected as the case study area since it was typical for ecological restoration and reconstruction. The changes between 2000 and 2010 of land use and ecosystem services were analyzed, respectively. We coupled the results of these two aspects to propose a new thought of ecosystem management which could serve as scientific references for ecological restoration and sustainable development in the study area. Between 1990 and 2010, the area of cropland decreased by 20.1%, while the area of grassland and shrubland increased by 16.6% and 4.6%, respectively. Major changes occurred between 2000 and 2010. Based on ten variables concerning land-use changes, a k-means cluster analysis was conducted on two different administrative levels: the township and village level. The study area was divided into Township Category I–IV and Village Category I–IV. The spatial heterogeneous features of land use changes in different Township and Village Categories were summarized. Using a modeling method based on biomass and a quantitative indicators scoring method, we estimated the relative provision of five major ecosystem services in 2000 and 2010, including soil retention, carbon sequestration, water conservation, crop production and cultural service. Results showed that the provision of the five ecosystem services all increased during 2000 to 2010. The provision of soil retention increased by 76.9%; carbon sequestration increased by 36.9%; water conservation increased by 123.2%; crop production increased by 76.4% and cultural service increased by 16.8%. The coupling analysis of the results in land use changes and ecosystem services revealed some relationship between them. In areas with high proportion of forest and shrubland, the provision of soil retention, carbon sequestration, water conservation and cultural service were relatively high. While in areas with high proportion of cropland, the provision of all 5 ecosystem services were relatively low. In areas experiencing a sharp decrease in cropland, the provision of ecosystem services had a relatively high increase. Based on these relationships in the study area, we proposed a new thought to manage ecosystems based on ecosystem services in a spatial explicit way. Firstly, we divided our study area into three ecological zones on the township level: ecological fragile zone, ecological rehabilitation zone and ecological conservation zone. Specific targets of ecosystem services management and land management measures were put forward for each ecological zone. Then in a specific ecological zone, more differentiated management measures were proposed according to the spatial heterogeneities on the village level. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15724]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王江磊. 土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响——以延安市宝塔区为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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