煤电基地建设的生态环境效应及对策研究——以锡林郭勒盟煤电基地为例
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 高雅 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 吴钢 |
| 关键词 | 大型煤电基地 发展 生态环境效应 生态恢复措施 压力-响应分析 Development Ecological and Environmental Effects Ecological restoration technology Pressure - Response Analysis Large-scale coal bases |
| 其他题名 | Study of eco-environmental effects and countermeasures of coal bases —A case study of Xilingol League coal base |
| 学位专业 | 环境经济与环境管理 |
| 中文摘要 | 环境与发展是当今世界的主题，随着全球性资源枯竭与环境问题的日益严重，可持续发展作为一种全新的发展模式被世界认同。我国煤电油运的日益紧张，社会经济的可持续发展面临巨大的资源、环境压力。锡林郭勒盟煤炭资源非常丰富，是国家重点开发的煤电基地之一，锡盟煤电资源开发的生态效应与生态恢复技术的研究对优化地区能源结构、解决能源开发与地区环境压力之间的矛盾问题意义重大。 本研究深入调研了锡盟煤电基地的生态环境及社会经济现状，分析了锡盟煤电资源的开发现状及目前面临的问题，包括煤炭资源、水资源的开发等问题的研究。在此基础上，选用DPSIR模型建立了由驱动力因子，压力因子，状态因子，影响因子和响应因子构成的大型煤电基地生态效应评价指标体系，并参照此评价指标体系对2006-2011年间锡盟煤电基地的生态效应进行了评估。结果显示，2006-2011年间，锡盟煤电基地生态效应水平有明显提高，各因子呈现出不同的变化规律，但整体向好的方向发展。驱动力因子处于持续快速增长状态，年均增长率32%，最高增长率65%；压力因子数值在波动中增长，其中2006年指数偏低，而至2008年增长迅速至Ⅲ级左右波动；状态因子具有明显的阶段性，2008年环比增长200%之后在调整中下滑；影响因子在高位水平上平稳快速发展，2008年后达到理想水平并继续稳定增长，响应因子具有明显的阶段性，前三年指数较低，2008年后有大幅提升；尤其是2008年以后，各生态因子变化体现出国家对能源基地的区域环境治理加大投入和政策支持取得了显著成效。分析结果同时提示，在煤电基地的开发过程中，应充分重视与人类作用的相互影响以及煤电基地开发与社会经济、资源环境、生态环境之间的关系。 在完成锡盟煤电基地的生态效应评估基础上，本研究进一步对适用于锡盟煤电基地建设的生态恢复对策进行了探讨，包括土壤污染的治理技术、土壤培肥改良技术、植被恢复技术、水土流失综合治理技术，并以锡盟胜利矿区为例针对生态恢复的影响因子—土壤生态系统展开研究，并根据分析结果有针对性的提出有效措施。对矿区的生态恢复改造提出了意见和建议 最后，本研究结合锡盟煤电基地发展规划方案提出了发展贡献度、外来人口占当地总人口比例等概念，从经济影响和社会影响两方面对锡盟煤电基地开发建设对区域可持续发展的影响进行了分析和预测，并简要阐述了闭矿期可能带来的社会经济影响，提出了针对经济影响和社会影响的对策建议。 |
| 英文摘要 | Environment and development is the theme of the world today. As the global environmental problems and resource depletion getting more and more severely, the conception of sustainable development has been accepted as a new development pattern. Xilingol League area in Inner Mongolia, with rich coal resources, is one of the key coal-power bases of China. The research on ecological effect and ecological restoration technology of Xilingol League coal-power bases is of great significance for optimizing regional energy structure and solve the contradiction between energy development and regional environment pressure. This study conducted in-depth investigation of ecological-environmental and social-economic status of Xilingol League coal-power base and analyzed problems faced with development of the base, including problems in coal, water resources and air pollution. Based on DPSIR conceptual model, the study established an evaluation index system for large scale coal-power bases. The index system contains five index categories of driving factors, stress factors, status factors, influence factors and response factors. Evaluation of ecological effect of Xilingol League coal-power base during the year of 2006 to 2011 was conducted using the index system. The evaluation results showed that : (a) the during the year of 2006 to 2011, the ecological effect of S\Xilingol League coal-power base had obviously improved;(b) the developing trend of each kind of factors varied but showed improvement over all; (c) Driving force factor was in the sustained and rapid growth state, the average annual growth rate was 32%, the highest growth rate was 65%. The pressure factor was increased in volatility, the index was on the low side in 2006, and it was increased rapidly to around Ⅲ level in 2008. State factor has obvious phases, it was slumped in the adjustment after rising 200% in 2008. The impact developed rapidly and stably in high level, it reached desired level and continued to grow stably after 2008. Response factor has obvious phases, it was low in the first three years, and increased substantially after 2008.（d）changes of factors after 2008 reflected that increasing investment in energy bases and policy support of China had made remarkable achievements. It was also hinted by analysis results that in the process of coal-power base development, interaction with human activities and relationship between social economy, resources and ecological environment should be paid more attention. Based on ecological effect assessment of Xilingol League coal-power base, the study went further to discuss applicable ecological recovery technologies, including soil pollution control technology, soil fertility improvement technology, vegetation restoration technology and comprehensive control technology of soil and water loss, for the coal-power base. And take Xilingol League Shengli coal mine lot as an example to study the impact factor of ecological restoration—soil ecosystem,and proposed effective masures based on the analysis results.Put forward opinions and suggestions for the restoration of the ecological transformation of mine Suggestions were made for ecological restoration of the mining areas. Finally, the study raised conceptions of Degree of Contribution to Development and Floating Population Accounts for Local Population, and analyzed and predicted the influences of Xilingol League coal-power base on regional sustainable development from the two aspects of economic effects and social effects. Also, social and economic influences that the closed mine period may lead to was briefly expounded and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to the potential social and economic effects. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15737]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 高雅. 煤电基地建设的生态环境效应及对策研究——以锡林郭勒盟煤电基地为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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