土壤和人发样品中汞的形态分析方法及其应用研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 顾昱晓 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 江桂斌，史建波 |
| 关键词 | 汞 形态分析 土壤 沉积物 人发 Mercury Speciation analysis Soil Sediment Human hair |
| 其他题名 | A Study on Analytical Method of Mercury Speciation and its Application in Soil and Hair Samples |
| 学位专业 | 分析化学 |
| 中文摘要 | 汞及其化合物是一类全球污染物，由于其高毒性，易迁移，易在生物体内富集、放大、积累，对环境和人体造成很大的危害。此外，汞在环境和生物中以多种形态存在，其毒性与存在形态密切相关，且各形态汞化合物可通过生物和化学过程相互转化。因此对各种介质中汞的形态分析一直是汞污染研究中的重点，高毒性甲基汞的测定尤为重要。 建立了土壤（沉积物）中甲基汞的分析方法，对前处理进行了优化。对土壤（沉积物）样品进行处理，经过浸提、萃取和反萃取等一系类前处理手段，克服了土壤（沉积物）复杂基质的影响。使用在线吹扫捕集-气相色谱-原子荧光光谱仪对已经处理好的水溶液进行测定。对样品前处理方法，如萃取温度、时间等进行了详细优化。方法准确、可靠，具有很高的灵敏度。土壤样品检出限可达0.8ng/g，沉积物标准参考物质ERM-CC580的测定回收率为104±15%(n=3)，实际土壤（沉积物）样品的加标回收率在87-111%之间。 建立了人发中总汞和甲基汞的分析方法，并对台州电子垃圾拆解地人发样品中汞的含量及形态进行了研究。结果表明，该地区人发中总汞和甲基汞含量分别为0.92±0.46μg/g和0.87±0.58μg/g，总汞含量低于USEPA的推荐值1μg/g，并在其他报道的数据中处于中间水平。人发样品中总汞与甲基汞整体含量：台州本地居民>对照地区居民>台州的外来人员，表明台州地区仍然存在着汞污染的可能性。 |
| 英文摘要 | Mercury and its compounds are a global pollution. The high toxicity, migration, bioconcentration, biomagnification and bioaccumulation make it a great harm to the environment and human health. Furthermore, mercury and its its compounds exist in different speciation in environment and organisms, while the toxicity of mercury is closely related with the speciation. Because different mercury compounds convert to each other through biological and chemical processes, the species analysis in different kind of environmental media is the focus of the study, especially for the high toxic methylmercury. A method to determine the methylmercury(MeHg) in soil/sediment samples was established and the pre-treatment process was optimized. The soil/sediment samples went through a serial of extraction and back extraction process, resulting in the elimination of the influence of complicated soil/sediment matrix. The online purge and trap-gas chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (P&T-GC-AFS) was uesd to determine the solution concentration of methylmercury. The experimental conditions, such as temperature and time for extraction were optimized in detail. The proposed method is accurate, reliable and sensitive. The detection limit for soil sample was 0.8 ng/g. The recovery of the certified reference material (ERM-CC580, estuary sediment) was 104±15%(n=3). The recoveries of three environment soil/sediment samples were in the range 87-111%. The methods for both total mercury and methylmercury in hair sample were established. The hair samples from Taizhou, an e-waste recycling region, were also analyzed. The average concentrations for total mercury and methylmercury in hair samples were 0.92±0.46 μg/g and 0.87±0.58 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations were lower than the highest content USEPA recommend (1 μg/g), and were at a middle level in the concentrations reported in literatures. On the whole, the levels of both total mercury and methylmercury were: the local> the control region> the foreign. The results indicated that the e-waste recycling activity might cause mercury contamination. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15725]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 顾昱晓. 土壤和人发样品中汞的形态分析方法及其应用研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。