城市污水处理系统微量有机污染物的筛查及去除效果评价
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 霍英斌 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 张昱 |
| 关键词 | 城市污水处理系统 挥发性微量有机物 基于数据库的物质自动识别与定量系统 污泥 Sewage treatment system semi-volatile Microorganic pollutant (MP) Automatic qualification and qutatification system-databast(AIQS-DB) Sluge |
| 其他题名 | The occurrence and fate of organic micropollutants in sewage treatment system |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 作为控制污染物进入环境的关口，城市污水厂对水环境的保护发挥着非常重要的作用。随着人们研究和认识的深入，城市污水处理厂中的微量有机物及其对环境的影响越来越受到人们关注。因此，调查城市污水处理厂中微量有机物的污染及去除情况，了解城市污水厂中这些物质的来源去路，对于污水厂工艺优化具有非常重要的意义。 本文利用已经商品化的基于数据库的物质自动识别与定量系统（Automatic Identification and Quantification Systm-Database，简称AIQS-DB）对北京、无锡两地的三座城市污水处理厂的半挥发性微量有机物进行调查，并评价了城市污水处理系统对微量有机物的去除效果，取得的主要结果如下： 1) AIQS-DB可以适用于城市污水厂微量污染物的筛查。利用该方法从北方和南方三座城市污水处理厂筛查出70-100种微量有机污染物，主要包括：多环芳烃、醇、甾醇、胺、邻苯二甲酸酯、苯并噻唑、磷酸酯、药品及个人护理品以及一些农药类物质等类别物质。不同地区污水微量有机污染物组成也不同，北方GBD污水厂中生活来源的物质浓度较高，而南方LC和CB两个污水处理厂中均有浓度较高的工业来源的物质，如多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯等。GBD污水厂进水中的浓度大多数高于无锡两个污水处理厂。 2) 进水筛查到的物质中，甾醇类物质浓度最高，在20-80 μg/l，污水厂二级处理平均去除效率在85%-95%之间；邻苯二甲酸酯类浓度也较高，进水中浓度在20-30 μg/l，但去除效果不好，且不同的邻苯二甲酸酯类物质去除效果差别较大，其中DBP和DEP去除率70%左右，DMP和DEHP几乎没有去除；其他污染物因其来源和自身性质不同，所处的浓度水平和去除效果相差较大。A2O与氧化沟对于大多数物质的去除效果差别不大，两种工艺在少数物质处理效果差别较大，如酚类物质在CB的处理效果优于GBD和LC的处理效果。 3) 开发了适用于城市污水厂剩余污泥/活性污泥进行微量污染物筛查分析的前处理方法，包括加速溶剂萃取与液液萃取、硅胶柱净化等流程结合的前处理方法可用于对污水处理厂活性污泥和剩余污泥进行筛查分析; 并利用所开发的方法展开对城市污水厂剩余污泥中微量有机污染物中种类及浓度分布的调查,从LC和CB污水处理厂的污泥分别筛查出63中和68种污染物，总浓度均在500μg/(g干污泥)左右，其中含氧有机物所占比例最大，主要包括醚、酮、邻苯二甲酸酯、甾醇等。 |
| 英文摘要 | Municipal wastewater treatment plants, as the “gateway” of pollutants getting into the environment, play a very important role in environmental pollution control. Recently, the properties and environmental impact of organic micropollutants in wastewater have been attracted more attention. Up to date, Survey data have also indicated the presence of organic micropollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the knowledge of organic micropollutants in WWTPs is still at a primary stage. Thus, survey of contamination and romoval of organic micropollutants in municipal sewage treatment was being more and more important and meaningful for the performace optimization of WWTPs. In this study, a commercialized AIQS-DB (Automatic Identification and Quantification Systm-Database, AIQS-DB) was employed to investigate three municipal sewage treatment systems in a north (Beijing) and a sourth (Wuxi) city in China. Through screening the influent and effluent of the selected urban sewage treatment system, the fate and removal efficiency of some organic micropollutants in these sewage treatment system were evaluted. The main results were as follows: 1) AIQS-DB can be applied for screening the organic micropollutants in WWTPs. Around 70-100 organic micropollutants were detected including a dozen categories of micropollutants: PAHs, alcohols, sterols, amines, phthalic acid esters, benzothiazole, phosphate, pharmaceuticals and personal care products as well as some pesticides. Organic micropollutants in north and sourth of China were different. GBD sewage plant in Beijing, north of China exhibited higher concentration of livelihood organic micropolluts, while LC and CB WWTPs in Wuxi city have a higher concentration of organic micropolluts from industrial sources. 2) The highest level of organic micropollut deteted in influents was sterolsterol, and the removal efficiency after second treatment in WWTP was between 85%-95%. High level of phthalic acid esters were also detected in the influents, however, the removal efficiency of different phthalate esters varied. The removal efficiency of dibutyl phthalate(DBP) and diethyl phthalate(DEP) was around 70%, however, dimethyl phthalate(DMP) and diethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP) were difficulted to be removed. The removal efficicncy of other organic micropollutants deteted were different. The total concentrations of organic micropollut in GBD influent was higher than that of the two sewage treatment plants in Wuxi city. No difference between A2O and Obel treatment processes was found in removal efficiency of most of the organic micropolluts. 3) A pre-treatment method including accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) , which was used for organic micropollutants screening in sludge samples was developed. The results showed that ASE combines LLE and silicone purification can be applied for organic micropollutants screening in sludge samples. 63 and 68 species organic compounds were detected in LC and CB WWTPs in Wuxi city. The total concentration was about 500μg/(g dry sludge). The largest proportion of oxygenated organic compounds, including ethers, ketones, esters of phthalic acid, sterols were found in the sludge samples. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-08 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15612]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境水质学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 霍英斌. 城市污水处理系统微量有机污染物的筛查及去除效果评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
浏览0
下载0
收藏0
其他版本
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。