臭氧处理对管网水质的影响
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张锁娜 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 胡春，王海波 |
| 关键词 | 饮用水管网 臭氧处理 有机物 消毒副产物 管网腐蚀 微生物群落 DWDS O3 treatment DOC DBPs pipe corrosion microbial community |
| 其他题名 | Effect of ozone treatment on drinking water quality in distritution system |
| 学位专业 | 环境科学 |
| 中文摘要 | 饮用水管网水质是构成饮用水安全的重要方面。管网水质受到多种因素的影响，如消毒副产物、管网腐蚀及微生物再生长繁殖等。饮用水处理工艺不同导致水厂出水水质的差异，从而引起管网水质的变化。本论文主要研究了饮用水臭氧处理对饮用水中有机物，以及对管网有机物特别是消毒副产物、腐蚀和微生物的影响。 （1）臭氧对饮用水中氯化消毒副产物的影响 通过高效凝胶色谱、三维荧光光谱、红外光谱等检测分析方法对水中天然有机物（NOM）进行表征，经臭氧作用后水样溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度升高、亲水性增加、芳香性及重均分子量下降。有机物中羟基、碳碳双键或碳氮双键及其共轭体系与氯反应活性较强。综合考虑臭氧作用后 NOM性质、结构变化及氯化消毒副产物生成量的改变，选择出最佳臭氧接触时间为 12 min。 （2）臭氧对饮用水管网中溶解性有机物的影响 利用生物膜环状反应器模拟配水管网系统，将水厂砂滤池出水经过臭氧作用 12min 后投加氯进入该模拟管网，同时把水厂砂滤池出水直接加氯后通入另一模拟管网作为对照实验。单因素方差分析结果表明，两管网出水的余氯、总铁、浊度以及三卤甲烷（THMs）、卤乙酸（HAAs）含量相差不大，但 DOC 在臭氧加氯管网中消耗较多。荧光区域整合（FRI）结果表明臭氧氧化后的管网出水中溶解性有机物荧光光谱中三区富里酸和五区腐殖酸荧光峰值（ФⅢ+Ⅴ，n）减小较多。 （3）臭氧对饮用水管网腐蚀的影响 通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、极化曲线以及电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等方法对不同时期管网腐蚀情况进行表征。结果表明，两模拟管网腐蚀初期腐蚀产物中主要以 α-FeOOH为主，随着腐蚀不断进行腐蚀速率逐渐降低，腐蚀层越来越致密，逐渐达到稳定状态，此时腐蚀产物以 α-FeOOH、Fe3O4和 CaCO3为主，管网的抗腐蚀能力增强，且臭氧加氯管网的抗腐蚀能力要强于单独加氯管网。 （4）臭氧对饮用水管网微生物群落的影响 通过焦磷酸测序（454测序）技术及定量 PCR 方法对上述两管网在不同时期微生物物种组成及数量进行分析。结果表明，管网生物膜和水体微生物群落结构具有明显的差异，随着运行时间变化微生物群落存在物种演替的现象。臭氧加氯管网与单独加氯管网相比，铁腐蚀相关菌属、脱卤菌属所占比例比单独加氯管网该比例要大。臭氧加氯管网中生物膜的微生物含量较高，两种条件致病菌 Legionella spp.和 Mycobacterium spp.的相对含量也较高，另外具有反硝化功能的基因所占比例也较大。 |
| 英文摘要 | Water quality in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) has a major role to play in ensuring the safety of drinking water and it is affected by many factors such as disinfection by-products, pipe corrosion and microbial regrowth. Different water treatment processes would result in great contrast in water quality in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), and finally lead to significant shift of that in DWDSs. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of O3 treatment on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) structure and property, disinfection by-products (DBPs) yields, pipe corrosion and microbial community in DWDSs. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Effect of O3 treatment on chlorinated DBPs in drinking water NOM in drinking water was characterized using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that DOC and hydrophilicity increased, while aromaticity and Mw decreased in water samples upon O3 treatment. Functional groups such as hydroxy, carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bonds and their conjugated systems in NOM were found to possess high reactivity with chlorine. The results of NOM property, structure and DBPs yields indicated an optimal O3 contact time of 12 min. (2) Effect of O3 treatment on DOC in DWDSs. Effluents from sand filter were introduced into a biofilm annular reactor (AR, used as simulated distribution system) after 12min O3 treatment and chlorine disinfection or just chlorine disinfection. No significant differences were observed in chlorine residual, total iron, turbidity, THMs and HAAs of effluents between the two distribution systems (p>0.05). More DOC comsumption was observed in the distribution system with O3 treatment. Results of characterization of DOC in influents and effluents of the two distribution systems by HPSEC, FTIR and EEM indicated a comparable decrease in ФⅢ+Ⅴ, n in the distribution system with O3 treatment. (3) Effect of O3 treatment on corrosion in DWDSs Corrosion scales in the two ARs were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curve at different exposure times. The results indicated that α-FeOOH was the primary constituent of the corrosion scales in the initial stage; corrosion rate decreased, corrosion layer thickened, and corrosion process stabilized gradually with longer exposure time. At this time, the main corrosion scale constituents were α-FeOOH、Fe3O4 and CaCO3, and corrosion prevetion ability were enhanced, which was remarkably prominent in the DWDS with O3 treatment. (4) Effect of O3 treatment on microbial community in DWDSs. Microbial community structure and relative abundance at different sampling times in the two ARs were profiled through pyrosequencing and q-PCR. Significant shifts of microbial communities between biofilm samples and bulk water samples were observed. Complexity and dynamics of microbial community structure were demonstrated by temporal variation between two sampling events. Halogenation related and corrosion related genera were more abundant in DWDS with O3 treatment. q-PCR provided molecular evidence of higher relative abundance of total bacteria, Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp. and nirK, nirS, nosZ genes in DWDS with O3 treatment. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-08 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15613]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境水质学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张锁娜. 臭氧处理对管网水质的影响[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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