饮用水中鱼腥味物质的检测方法建立及活性炭吸附研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 魏魏 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 杨敏 |
| 关键词 | 鱼腥味 顶空固相微萃取 气相色谱/质谱联用 活性炭吸附 fishy odor headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry activated carbon adsorption |
| 其他题名 | Study the detection method and activated carbon adsorption of fishy odor compounds in drinking water |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 近年来我国饮用水嗅味问题发生频繁，已成为影响我国供水水质安全的重要指标之一。同时，由于饮用水嗅味问题来源复杂，甚至难于定性定量，一直以来也是供水水质管理中的一个薄弱环节。鱼腥味问题在我国饮用水中多有报道，然而与蓝藻等微生物代谢产生的MIB和geosmin导致的土霉味问题相比，有关鱼腥味物质的具体种类、来源以及控制技术措施等研究较少，导致供水部门在应对此类问题时缺乏针对性的技术措施。本文针对饮用水中的鱼腥味问题，建立了水中潜在鱼腥味物质的快速定量分析方法，选择7种潜在的鱼腥味物质，系统开展了活性炭的吸附效果评价研究，并探讨了相关化合物的吸附机制；针对北方某水库水源出现的腥味问题，在对其嗅味类型及藻类种群动态调查的基础上，评价了不同条件下的氧化以及吸附去除效果。取得以下研究进展： （1） 针对水中潜在的致鱼腥味物质，建立了基于自动顶空固相微萃取的气相色谱/质谱联用技术，可实现水中7种物质的快速同时测定。针对纤维萃取头类型、萃取温度、萃取时间以及离子强度等影响因素进行了优化，确定了相应的前处理条件和色谱分析条件；相关化合物的检出限均在各物质的阈值浓度以下，满足分析的需求；利用该方法对国内代表性水源进行调查，检出了包括heptanal、benzaldehyde、2,6-nonadienal、β-cyclocitral及2,4-decadienal等5种物质。 （2） 研究了活性炭的表面特性与其对7种腥味物质吸附性能之间的相关性，发现活性炭对7种腥味物质的吸附容量与其微孔体积呈线性相关，微孔体积可以作为选择用于嗅味去除的活性炭的一项重要指标。 （3） 评价了6种活性炭对7中醛类物质的吸附效果，并对相应吸附动力学进行了模型拟合。除了F200和K1032以外的4种活性炭对7种腥味物质的吸附速率均较快，吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级吸附速率方程进行描述，说明活性炭对这些物质的吸附过程中控制阶段是吸附反应阶段，发生的是多分子层吸附。 （4） 针对北方某水库水源出现的季节性鱼腥味问题，发现水库的嗅味类型是腥味为主，优势藻种是锥囊藻、小环藻及针杆藻；锥囊藻和针杆藻可能是主要的腥味来源。基于不同条件下的氧化和吸附处理研究，提出了直接利用粉末活性炭进行处理、替代水厂原采用的高锰酸钾和活性炭联用的处理技术方案，并优化确定了具体的嗅味控制处理应用参数。 |
| 英文摘要 | Recently the occurrence of taste and odor has become more and more frequent in drinking water of China, which is a major issue for water quality, and due to the complexcity of the source of drinking water taste and odor problems, its difficult to quanlitave and quantitative analysis, so it has become one of the key factor in water quality management. Drinking water fishy odor problems more and more reported in China. Compare to the study of MIB and Geosmin caused by Cyanobacteria, the research about specific types of fishy odor compounds, source of these compounds, and control measurses are less. So when the water sector meet such issues, its lack of specific technical measures.In this study, set up an chemical analytical method for fishy odor compounds, and select the 7 kinds of potential fishy odor compounds, evaluate the mechanism and the application of activated carbon adsorption for these 7 kinds of potential fishy odor compounds. And for the taste and odor problems occurred at a reservoir, based on the odor types and algae population dynamics investigation, evaluate the removal efficiency under different conditions. The main results were summarized as follows: (1) An analytical method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the determination of the potential fishy odor compounds in drinking water. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including the types of SPME fibers, extraction temperature and time, and salt concentration, were optimized. Some typical source water were evaluated using this method, heptanal, benzaldehyde, 2,6-nonadienal, β-cyclocitral and 2,4-hepdienal were detected. (2) A good linear relationship between the adsorption capacities for 7 kinds of fishy odor compounds and the micropore volumes of activated carbon was acquired, therefore, the volume of micropores could be used as an effective indicator for the selection of activated carbon for the removal of fishy odor. (3) Evaluate the adsorption effect of 6 kinds of activated carbon and adsorption kinetics were studied. In addition to the F200 and K1032, 4 kinds of activated carbon adsorption rate of 7 kinds of fishy odor compounds showed good correlation with Lagergren secondary adsorption model. (4) For a reservoir appears seasonal fishy odor problem, found that the type of odor is fishy, and the dominant species is the Dinobryon, Cyclotella and Synedra; may be the main source of odor is Cone globosa and Synedra. Based on the control treatment under different conditions, directly use of powdered activated carbon for odor control treatment, to replace the original treatment that potassium permanganate combined with activated carbon, and optimize the specific application parameters for odor control treatment. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-08 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15730]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_环境水质学国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 魏魏. 饮用水中鱼腥味物质的检测方法建立及活性炭吸附研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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