江西省典型矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险评价
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 王斐 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 黄益宗 |
| 关键词 | 江西 矿区 土壤 重金属 生态风险评价 微生物 酶活性 Jiangxi province mining area soil heavy metal pollution ecological risk assessment microorganisms activity of soil enzymes |
| 其他题名 | Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of typical mines in JiangXi Province |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 重金属污染事件的频发使人们更加认识到重金属污染的危害性。据国家2014年4月17日公布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》显示，在所有的土壤样点中污染土壤占16.1%，其中无机污染超标的比例占到了全部污染土壤的82.8%，矿区土壤有33.4%超标。江西省是典型的矿业大省，其矿藏的开采造成了环境严重的破坏且影响到人们正常的生产和生活。本研究调查了江西省典型铜矿、钨矿周边土壤中重金属含量情况，并通过不同的重金属生态风险评价方法对土壤重金属进行生态风险评价。同时，研究了不同形态的铜对土壤细菌、古菌和土壤酶活性的影响。得到的主要结论如下： （1）采用单因子污染指数法、TCLP法和内梅罗综合指数法对江西省某铜矿冶炼厂周边土壤重金属（As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni）进行生态风险评价。结果表明，土壤重金属As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni的含量分别在7.45-60.35、34.16-272.71、41.96-384.27、25.44-1019.27和3.68-40.13 mg·kg-1之间。单因子污染指数法评价发现，重污染区Cu、As污染比较严重，轻污染区除了个别样点有Zn、As等轻度污染外，其它采样点均没有重金属污染。TCLP法提取As、Pb、Zn 、Cu和Ni的含量分别在0.00-1.54、0.00-3.90、0.23-46.86、0.00-229.95和0.05-1.07 mg·kg-1之间，内梅罗综合污染指数法评价发现，在重污染区，受到重金属中度及以上污染的土壤占50%，而在轻污染区重金属污染比较轻微。另外，pH与土壤总As含量负相关（-0.50, p＜0.05），与总Zn含量显著正相关（0.52, p＜0.01），与TCLP提取Ni含量正相关（0.45, p＜0.05）；阳离子交换量与土壤总Pb含量显著正相关（0.74, p＜0.01），与总Zn正相关（0.49, p＜0.05），与总Ni显著正相关（0.52, p＜0.01），与TCLP提取Zn显著正相关（0.69, p＜0.01）；有机质与土壤总As正相关（0.43, p＜0.05）；土壤总碳与总Pb显著正相关（0.66, p＜0.01），与总Ni正相关（0.47, p＜0.05）；土壤总氮与总Pb显著正相关（0.68, p＜0.05），与总Ni正相关（0.41, p＜0.05），与TCLP提取Zn正相关（0.50, p＜0.05）；土壤总硫与总Ni呈正相关（0.49, p＜0.05）。 （2）对江西省大余县某钨矿区周边的农田土壤进行调查分析，并采用不同的方法对土壤进行评价，结果表明，土壤As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni的含量范围分别为15.33-154.65 mg·kg-1、156.29-346.98 mg·kg-1、47.73-277.72 mg·kg-1、19.06-210.24 mg·kg-1和12.00-35.11 mg·kg-1，一些土壤样点的As、Pb、Zn和Cu含量已超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准。利用地累积指数法对土壤进行评价发现，土壤均受到As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni不同程度的污染；根据CPI（综合污染指数）评价标准，65.7%的土壤处于污染状态；利用TCLP法对土壤生态风险进行评价发现，所有土壤并未受到重金属的污染，内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤进行综合评价发现，该农田土壤处于安全范围；潜在生态危害指数法评价，发现Pb、As和Cu达到或超过中等生态风险的样点分别占37.14%、25.72%和2.86%，其它重金属污染风险均在轻微以下。不同评价方法得出的评价结果有差异，暗示人们在评价重金属污染土壤时要慎重选择合适的评价方法。 （3）研究铜矿周边农田土壤中不同Cu含量对土壤酶活性、细菌和古菌基因拷贝数的影响，结果表明，8个不同土壤样点中Cu含量在28.30-1019.27 mg·kg-1之间，细菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数在每克干土3.10×1010~1.84×1011 个之间，古菌16S rRNA基因拷贝数在每克干土7.37×108~6.82×109 个之间。土壤总Cu和酸可提取Cu含量对土壤脲酶活性影响较大，但对土壤脱氢酶和转化酶活性影响不显著。土壤细菌基因拷贝数均与总Cu含量、各形态Cu含量呈极显著的负相关关系，同样土壤古菌基因拷贝数与总Cu含量、各形态Cu含量也呈极显著的负相关关系，说明Cu胁迫对土壤细菌和古菌活性具有较大的抑制作用。 |
| 英文摘要 | As the heavy metal pollution events happened frequently, people begun to realize the hazards caused by heavy metals. According to ―the soil pollution communique of China‖, which was publicized on April 17, 2014, 16.1% of the soils that were investigated were contaminated. In those soils that were contaminated, 82.8% were polluted by inorganic pollutants and 33.4% of the soils that were collected in mining area were polluted. Jiangxi province was rich in mineral resources. With the progress of the mining, the life of people and the environment of people lived were effected seriously. In this study, ecological risk of the heavy metals in surrounding soils of copper deposits and tungsten deposits in Jiangxi province were investigated. And the responses of the soil enzyme activity, bacteria and archaea copies to the fraction of Cu in soils were researched. The main results of these studies were as follows: (1)The ecological risk of heavy metals (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) in surrounding soils of a copper smelting in Jiangxi Province was evaluated by single factor index evaluation method, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and Nemrow method. Results showed that the total contents of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni were in the range of 7.45-60.35, 34.16-272.71, 41.96-384.27, 25.44-1019.27 and 3.68-40.13 mg·kg-1 , respectively. The results of single factor index evaluation method showed that the pollution of Cu and As were more serious in heavy polluted area, while there were no pollution except Zn and As in light polluted area. The available concentrations of As, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni extracted by TCLP were in the range of 0.00-1.54, 0.00-3.90, 0.23-46.86, 0.00-229.95 and 0.05-1.07 mg·kg-1, respectively. The pollution index based on Nemrow method showed that 50% of soils were at moderate or above level, while in light polluted area, the pollution level was slight. Moreover, results showed that pH were negatively related to total As(-0.50, p＜0.05) , positively related to Zn(0.52, p＜0.01) and the concentration of Ni extracted by TCLP(0.45, p＜0.05). CEC were positively related to total Pb(0.74, p＜0.01), total Zn(0.49, p＜0.05), total Ni(0.52，p＜0.01) and the concentration of Zn extracted by TCLP(0.69, p＜0.01). Soil organic was positively related to total As(0.43, p＜0.05). TC were positively related to total Pb(0.66, p＜0.01) and total Ni(0.47, p＜0.05). TN were positively related to total Pb(0.68, p＜0.05), total Ni(0.41, p＜0.05) and the concentration of Zn extracted by TCLP. And TS was positively related to total Ni(0.49, p＜0.05). (2) The ecological risk of soils surrounding tungsten mineral in Dayu country in Jiangxi province were assessed by different methods. Results showed that the total contents of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni were in the ranges of 15.33-154.65, 156.29-346.98 , 47.73-277.72, 19.06-210.24 and 12.00-35.11 mg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni of some soils were higher than the corresponding contents of the second standards of Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. The results of composite pollution index showed that 65.7% soils were polluted. The TCLP method indicated that all soils were clean. The pollution index based on Nemrow method showed that soils were safety. And the potential ecological risk factor showed that more than 37.14% of Pb, 25.72% of As and 2.86% of Cu were in moderate contamination degree and other metals were at the slightly pollution level. Different results were emerged when taking different ecological risk assessment methods. So, a logical method should be adopted according to the situation. (3)The influence of the Cu in surrounding soils of a copper smelting on the 16S rRNA gene copies was studied. Results showed that the concentration of total Cu and acid extractable Cu were 28.30-1019.27 and 3.35-415.11 mg·kg-1, respectively. The range of gene copy numbers of bacteria and archaea were 3.10×1010~1.84×1011 and 7.37×108~6.82×109 copies per gram of dry soil, respectively. The soil urease activity was significantly impacted by the concentration of Cu and acid extractable Cu by BCR, while soil dehydrogenase and invertase activities were not. There was a significant negative relationship between gene copy number of bacteria and the concentration of Cu, so was gene copy numbers of archaea, suggesting that the activity of soil microorganisms could be inhibited by Cu in soils. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-08 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15700]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_土壤环境科学实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王斐. 江西省典型矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险评价[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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