城市污水厂污泥膨胀的过程分析与调控初探
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 余韬 |
| 学位类别 | 博士后 |
| 答辩日期 | 2013-07 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 庄国强，杨敏 |
| 关键词 | 丝状菌污泥膨胀 微生物群落结构 Microthrix parvicella 温度 硝化 活性污泥系统 控制方法 filamentous sludge bulking microbial community structures Microthrix parvicella temperature nitrification activated sludge system control strategy |
| 其他题名 | Analysis on process of filamentous bulking for activated sludge and control in WWTP |
| 学位专业 | 生物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 污泥膨胀是城市污水处理系统运行过程中经常遇到的问题，尤其是丝状菌引起的膨胀更是具有普遍性。丝状菌的过量生长给污水厂的运行带来了很大的困扰，比如硝化性能的下降等，而且没有一种通用的技术手段来限制或者说阻止丝状菌的增殖。由于诱发污泥膨胀的因素众多，目前为止，引起丝状菌增殖的基础理论也是层出不穷，而且丝状菌在污水厂活性污泥膨胀过程中角色的转变过程仍然不是很清楚。因此，研究污泥膨胀发生前后丝状菌群落结构的动态变化以及污泥膨胀影响下硝化菌群落的差异，阐明特定群落的功能，可以在内在机理和宏观调控之间架起一座桥梁，对于找到有效控制污泥膨胀的措施，提高工艺的性能具有重要的意义。 本论文通过对同一城市污水厂中不同工艺（A2O 和倒置A2O）发生污泥膨胀过程的跟踪，从2011 年9 月到2012 年5 月进行9 个月的采样调查，研究了其中丝状菌群落结构的变化并分析了引起污泥膨胀的原因，同时考察了污泥膨胀对系统硝化性能和硝化细菌群落结构的影响。另外，还对倒置A2O 工艺污泥膨胀的调控进行跟踪，对比了2012 年爆发膨胀时期和2013 年调控以后系统的状态，并分析了活性污泥中丝状菌群落结构的变化。取得的主要成果如下： 1. 在未发生污泥膨胀时期，主要优势丝状菌为Type 0041 和Type 0092，主要是作为菌胶团骨架结构而存在。在水温较低（15 °C 左右）的冬春季节，活性污泥中Microthrix parvicella 菌变为优势丝状菌，其大量增殖是该厂发生污泥膨胀的主要原因。 2. A2O 工艺受到污泥膨胀的影响小于倒置A2O，污泥膨胀结束后，系统各种功能的恢复也要快于倒置A2O，尤其在硝化性能的恢复上更是如此。 3. 两工艺硝化细菌中的优势AOB 为Nitrosomonas oligotropha，而优势NOB 为Nitrospira。污泥膨胀爆发以后，硝化细菌的群落结构多样性变得较为单一，数量也有所下降，前期在AOB 中占有25 %左右的Nitrosomonas europaea 消失。M. parvicella 菌的过量生长占据了大量的资源，这是系统硝化性能下降的主要原因。 4. 对城市污水厂倒置A2O 工艺进行调控，在进入冬季时，好氧池的溶氧提高到2 mg/L 以上，将工艺中的厌氧段取消并采取化学除磷的方法维持磷的去除。在2012 年冬季该工艺没有出现污泥膨胀，污泥沉降性能良好，出水良好。活性污泥中的优势丝状菌为Type 0041 且丰度不高。 |
| 英文摘要 | The sludge bulking is one of the world wide frequently occurring phenomenons in wastewater treatment plant, which is mainly associated with filamentous bacteria. Their excessive abundance brings serious operating problems for plant operation such as deterioration of nitrification performance and there is no universal strategy to limit or prevent the excessive growth of these filamentous organisms. Because sludge bulking has the characteristics of many influence factors and there have many basis theories about bulking nowadays, even the role of the filamentous bacteria in the main transformation processes in the treatment plants is poorly understood, the purpose of this study is to provide scientific bases for found effective control measure of sludge bulking by understanding the impacts of bulking on filamentous microbial community structures and on nitrifiers community structures. This part of study was designed to understand the impacts of filamentous sludge bulking on A2O and inverted A2O system performance and nitrifying community structures in wastewater treatment plant. At the same time, the performance of control sludge bulking was investigated in inverted A2O system and its filamentous bacteria community structures was analyzed from 2012 spring to winter. The main research results are as follows. 1. The dominant filamentous bacteria were Type 0041 and Type 0092 in no bulking activated sludge. At this time, the filaments were an essential part of the floc population and form the backbone to which floc-forming bacteria adhere. However, Microthrix parvicella became the dominant filamentous bacteria in winter and spring which temperature was below to 15 °C and its excessive growth was the main reason of sludge bulking. 2. The impact of sludge bulking to A2O system was less than inverted A2O system. The time of A2O system resumed normally situation was shorter than inverted A2O system, especially its nitrification performance. 3. The dominant AOB of nitrifiers was Nitrosomonas oligotropha and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira. The diversity of the nitrifiers community became low following the sludge bulking and its numbers also decreased at the same time. Nitrosomonas europaea which has 25 % ratio of AOB in no bulking sludge disappeared at the sludge bulking period. The excessive growth of M. parvicella was the reason of nitrification performance decreased in the two systems. 4. In order to control the excess proliferation of M. parvicella in inverted A2O system,DO in aerobic tank was increased to above 2 mg/L and remove the anaerobic phase. There was no sludge bulking in the winter of 2012 and the system kept the well effluent performance. The Type 0041 was always the dominant filamentous bacteria after 2012. |
| 公开日期 | 2014-09-19 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/7693]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 余韬. 城市污水厂污泥膨胀的过程分析与调控初探[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：生态环境研究中心
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