多机器人协作与控制研究
文献类型:学位论文
作者 | 范永 |
学位类别 | 工学博士 |
答辩日期 | 2000-06-01 |
授予单位 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 |
授予地点 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 |
导师 | 谭民 |
关键词 | 多机器人系统 控制体系结构 协作性 自主性 Multi-robot system Architecture of Robotic Control System Cooperation Autonomy |
其他题名 | Research On Cooperation and Control of Multi-Robot System |
学位专业 | 控制理论与控制工程 |
中文摘要 | 随着社会的发展,机器人应用领域正在不断扩展,从自动化生产线到海洋 资源的探索乃至太空作业等领域,机器人可谓是无处不在。然而,就目前的机 器人技术水平而言,单个机器人在信息的获取、处理及控制能力等方面都是有 限的,对于复杂的工作任务及多变的工作环境,单个机器人的能力更显不足。 于是人们考虑通过多机器人的协调与协作来完成单个机器人无法或难以完成的 工作。 多机器人协作系统的研究是从单个机器人系统的研究扩展开来的,但区别 于单机器人系统,多机器人协作系统具备空间分布、功能分布、时间分布等特 点。因此,我们可以利用系统的这些内在特点提高完成任务的效率,扩大完成 任务的能力范围,增强系统的性能。 本文对多机器人协作与控制的一些问题进行研究,提出了一些新的思想和 方法,并开发了一个多移动机器人仿真系统。论文的主要内容如下: 综述了多机器人协作系统的研究现状,详尽地分析了协作机器人系统的概 念、理论、方法,尤其对一些核心概念、关键技术及基本方法进行了较为详细 的论述,为建立多机器人协作系统研究的基本框架打下基础。 针对多机器人协作系统中任务协作和运动协调的两个过程,考虑机器人自 主性和协作性的要求,设计一种分层递阶式机器人控制体系结构,包括协作规 划层、协调规划层和行为控制层三个层次。其中协作规划层用于实现机器人的 高层的组织与协作机制问题,协调规划层则是针对机器人之间协作关系确定下 来以后具体的运动控制问题,而行为控制层则实现由反应模块或上层规划结果 到机器人相应动作的映射关系。采用这种分层式控制结构不仅能实现机器人协 作系统中机器人所必需具备的内部管理、轨迹规划及控制功能,而且具备信息 交互、分析推理、任务分配以及组织管理等功能,满足机器人个体的自主性和 协作性要求,以及多机器人协作系统的开放性、动态组织等特点。 根据机器人个体、任务(目标)以及工作环境的特点,抽象出多机器人协 作系统的研究模型,着重研究任务、环境、机器人信息对整个系统行为的影响。 考虑非完整约束的移动机器人的运动特性,研究队形控制问题。在非完整 约束移动机器人的协调运动控制方面进行了探索性研究。 基于遗传算法来优化机器人的运行参数,很好地解决了多移动机器人系统 中机器人的自主性与协作性这一基本问题,实现了多个自主式移动机器人的协调运动,仿真结果表明,这种方法为研究、开发、设计具有“ |
英文摘要 | With the development of the society, the application fields of robots have been extended greatly. Robots can be seen everywhere, such as the automatic assembly in manufacture, exploration under deep ocean and the space operation, etc. However, at the present robotic technology, the capability of individual robot is limited in perception, plan and control, etc. This is distinct when it works in a complicated environment. This is the reason why multiple robots are needed to accomplish complex tasks cooperatively. The study on multi-robot systems extends research on individual robot systems, but differs from individual robot systems. Multi-robot systems have many advantages, such as space-distributed, function-distributed and time-distributed. We can make full use of these inherent characteristics of multi-robot systems to improve the efficiency of accomplishing tasks and enlarge the areas of application. In this thesis, some issues concerning cooperative multi-robot systems are studied in detail, and some theories, approaches were presented. A simulation system of multiple mobile robots is developed. The main contents are as follows: This thesis summarized the research status of multiple robots systems, discussed the concepts, theories and approaches about cooperative robotics, and in particular, explored some basic concepts, key technologies and fundamental approaches in detail. All these can contribute to the establishment of research frame of multi-robot systems. A layered architecture of robotic control system in MRCS (Multi-Robot Cooperation System) was designed, considering the demand of autonomy and cooperation. In accordance with the process of task cooperation and motion coordination in MRCS, this architecture was divided into three layers: cooperation- planning layer, coordination-planning layer and behavior-control layer. Among the three layers, cooperation-planning layer is used to realize the mechanism of organization and cooperation, coordination planning-layer is used to deal with the motion control problem when the cooperative relation among robots is determined, and behavior-control layer is used to map sensing information and results planned by coordination planning-layer into actions directly. This architecture can meet the demand of MRCS, and is easy to expand functions. According to the characters of individual robots, tasks and the working environment, research model of multiple robots systems is abstracted to study the effect of information, knowledge and task of individual robots on the group behavior. Considering the movement characters of nonholonomic mobile robots, formation control of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots is studied. This thesis make attempt study on the multiple nonholonomic mobile robots system. To exploit the advantages of multiple mobile robots system, the robots must have some degree of autonomy and cooperation. However, autonomy |
语种 | 中文 |
其他标识符 | 538 |
源URL | [http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/5708] ![]() |
专题 | 毕业生_博士学位论文 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 范永. 多机器人协作与控制研究[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 2000. |
入库方式: OAI收割
来源:自动化研究所
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