采用仿真手术刀的虚拟外科手术关键技术研究
文献类型:学位论文
作者 | 付玉锦 |
学位类别 | 工学博士 |
答辩日期 | 2005-05-01 |
授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
授予地点 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 |
导师 | 原魁 |
关键词 | 虚拟外科手术 仿真手术刀 虚拟手术刀 力反馈 遗传算法 Virtual Surgery Scalpel Simulator Virtual Scalpel Force Feedback |
其他题名 | Study of the Key Techniques for Virtual Surgery with a Scalpel Simulator |
学位专业 | 控制理论与控制工程 |
中文摘要 | 在众多的手术器械当中,手术刀无疑是应用最为广泛的一种,它几乎是在外科手术操作过程中,在组织或器官上造成切口的唯一工具,而如何正确的使用手术刀也成为外科实习医生必备的训练课程。本文结合外科手术培训和医学教育的实际需要,深入研究基于手术刀的虚拟外科手术应用中的各种关键技术,并设计了一个基于手术刀的虚拟外科手术系统,具体包括以下主要内容: (1) 回顾并展望了虚拟外科手术的发展概况和应用前景,概括了虚拟外科手术的核心技术,阐述了虚拟外科手术的研究意义和应用价值。 (2) 研制出虚拟外科手术系统专用的仿真手术刀及其力反馈装置。仿真手术刀是在实际手术刀的基础上经过改造得来的,这种设计使仿真手术刀更加符合实际操作习惯。其力反馈装置采用旋转步进电机-丝杠传动机构的驱动方式,具有结构简单、控制灵活、无冲击、实时性能好等优点。 (3) 实现了反馈力的精确控制。反馈力的大小采用改进的 PID 算法进行控制,为了提高控制精度,采用遗传算法对系统参数和 PID 参数进行精确辨识和整定。 (4) 开发出该虚拟外科手术系统的配套软件。该配套软件不仅完成了仿真手术刀力反馈机构的控制任务,而且完成了虚拟场景的建立任务。尤其是在所建立的虚拟场景中,采用了新的切割算法和变形算法,来处理切割时虚拟人体组织的表面变形,给操作者较好的视觉临场感。 (5) 在实验室中搭建了一个虚拟手术台,完成对该虚拟外科手术系统的整合设计,使该虚拟手术系统更加接近真实的手术训练环境。 本文所提出的仿真手术刀及其力反馈装置设计方案,还可应用于仿真手术剪、仿真手术镊等手术仿真器的设计中。本文的研究内容为今后开发具有实用价值的虚拟外科手术系统打下了良好基础。 |
英文摘要 | The main contents of the paper are listed in the following: (1) We retrospect the developmental survey of virtual surgery and prospect its application in the future, outline its main techniques, and describe its research significance and application value.(2) A special scalpel simulator and its force feedback device, which are used in virtual surgery system, are designed in the paper. In order to accord with the operation habit better, the scalpel simulator is developed from a true scalpel. The force feedback device is composed with a rotary step-motor and a lead-screw machine. This drive mode has many advantages such as simply structure, flexible control, no impact, better real-time performance and so on. (3) Precise control to the force feedback is performed by a revised PID algorithm. In order to improve the control precision, Genetic Algorithms (GA) is adopted to automatically identify the system parameters and set the PID parameters. (4) The kit software of the virtual surgery system is developed, which not only performs the task of controlling the force feedback device, but also builds a virtual scene. Especially during the process of building the virtual scene, a new cutting and deform algorithms are adopted to deal with the surface distortion of the virtual tissue. The deform algorithms are based on Boundary Element Method (BEM). The virtual scene can make the operator feel that he is personally on the scene. (5) A virtual operation table is built in our lab. It is the integrative design to the virtual surgery system, and makes the virtual surgery system to be close to realoperation environment. The basic idea of the design of the virtual scalpel simulator can also be used for the design of other virtual surgery devices such as virtual scissors simulator or virtual forceps simulator. The research production of the paper sets the foundation for developing practical virtual surgery system in the future. |
语种 | 中文 |
其他标识符 | 200218014603156 |
源URL | [http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/5859] ![]() |
专题 | 毕业生_博士学位论文 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 付玉锦. 采用仿真手术刀的虚拟外科手术关键技术研究[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院研究生院. 2005. |
入库方式: OAI收割
来源:自动化研究所
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