Chinese loess is a unique continental archive of Quaternary climate change, and its elemental components or ratios can provide significant insights into variations in the East Asian palaeomonsoon at tectonic to millennial timescales. However, high-resolution elemental analyses of loess deposits have seldom been reported. To investigate geochemical variations of loess sediments at millennial and centennial timescales, and their potential for recording abrupt climate change, powder and U-channel (long plastic single-boxes used to sub-sample the center of split core sections) samples were collected from the Gulang loess section on the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau for conventional and scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. Results suggest that although ten elements (Al, Si, K. Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr and Zr,) can be detected robustly using scanning XRF method, only five elements (Si, Ca, Fe, Sr and Zr) can be employed confidently to infer the chemical weathering and grain size sorting effects. Comparison of scanning XRF-derived elemental data with magnetic susceptibility, grain size and speleothem records indicates that high-resolution elemental records have great potential for evaluating rapid fluctuations of the East Asia monsoon.