Tendon-sheath actuators (TSAs), similar to Bowden cable-based series elastic actuators (SEAs), have a wide range of applications in robots. However, when applying them to manipulators, force sensors cannot be mounted due to limited space. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for compliant control based on a dual encoder, and the existing transmission model was improved by considering the joint torque. To validate the proposed method, experimental setups composed of a motor, a tendon-sheath component, a robotic joint, force sensors, and position sensors are established. The transmission processes are interpreted clearly through a position control mode. Parameter identifications without external disturbance force are conducted to acquire the ideal transmission model, and the error value between the experiment data and the fitted curve is measured. The availability of the presented scheme is verified by compliant control experiments, including collision detection and hand guiding, and the frequency characteristics of the actuator are analyzed. The results show that the function can be realized without force and torque sensors during the whole process.