城市污水处理系统的集成建模与控制研究
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 樊立萍 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005-01-29 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 |
| 导师 | 于海斌 ; 袁德成 |
| 关键词 | 城市污水处理系统 集成建模 监视 控制 污染 环境保护 |
| 其他题名 | Integrated Modeling and Control of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Systems |
| 学位专业 | 机械电子工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 水环境的日益恶化引起人们对污水处理的广泛关注，也使污水处理业面临更大的挑战。把污水处理纳入整个城市水资源系统进行全面考虑，利用城市排水管网的缓存能力和污水处理厂的处理资源，根据河流水质要求对城市污水处理系统进行集成化控制，已成为污水处理发展的必然趋势。本文以整个城市污水处理系统为对象，研究通过集成建模与实时控制，提高整个污水处理系统运行性能和改善水环境质量的理论和方法。首先分别研究了组成城市污水处理系统的三个子系统，即污水汇集管网、污水处理厂和排水受纳河流的建模、监视与控制问题。以国际水协会发布的河流水质1号模型为基础，建立了能模拟河流水质系统动态变化的仿真平台。考虑在实践中常有大量污水可能直接往河流排放的现状，设计了河流水质曝气控制策略，期望通过调整最小溶解氧浓度，探索解决河流水质恶化的可操作方案；由于河流水质变化过程呈现高度非线性、时变性和不确定性，常规的监测方法不适用，为此提出了基于区间观测器的河流水质软测量方法，实时监测河流水质的变化。本文研究中的污水处理厂采用了序批式反应器工艺。它属于典型的批处理过程，除具有非稳态运行的特点外，生化过程本身的高度非线性、运行时间长和缺乏可靠易维护的检测仪表，也使其建模和控制面临诸多困难。在控制策略设计方面，提出了一种基于排放指标与最小能耗的优化控制算法，并通过仿真验证了运行效果。进一步结合进退法思想改进该优化算法，计算时间的显著缩短有助于实时应用。在过程监视方面，提出用基于核主元分析的过程监视策略监视序批式反应器过程，以减少非线性和非稳态等因素给过程监视带来的误判，增加了诊断的有效性和及时性。在各子系统建模基础上，建立了城市污水处理系统的集成仿真模型，并依据不同要求设计了以河流水质为目标的集成控制方案。通过城市污水处理系统各个子系统的分散控制和集成方案的协调，可以更有效地改善水环境质量。 |
| 索取号 | X703.3/F18/2005 |
| 英文摘要 | The increasing deterioration of aquatic environment causes people extensive concern about wastewater treatment, and brings greater challenge to sewage disposal industry too. It is a necessary tendency to implement integrated control on the urban wastewater treatment systems in compliance with the requirement of river water quality. Integrated control strategy brings the wastewater treatment into the whole urban water resource system, considering in an all-round way. The buffer capacity of the urban sewer system and the treatment resource of the wastewater treatment plant are utilized to realize improvement of river water quality. The aim of this thesis is to study the theory and the approach of raising the operation performance of the whole wastewater treatment system and improving aquatic environment quality by means of integrated modeling and real time control. Modeling, monitoring and control of the three subsystems forming the urban wastewater treatment system, that is, the sewer system, the wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river, were studied separately at first. Based on the River Model no. 1 (RWQM1) issued by the International Water Association, the simulation platform for simulating the dynamic variation of river water quality was developed. Considering the present situation of direct discharge of a large amount of wastewater in practice, an aeration control scheme has been designed on river water quality. It is expected to explore some operable schemes to prevent the river from serious worsening by adjusting the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration. In consideration of the high non-linearity, time-variability and uncertainty in river systems, the conventional monitoring method is inapplicable. Wherefore a software measurement approach aimed at river water quality was put forward based on interval observers to realize real time monitoring of variation of river water quality.The wastewater treatment plant studied in this thesis adopts sequencing batch reactor processing plan, which belongs to typical batch processing program. Besides the feature of a stable operation, the high non-linearity, the long running time, and the lack of reliable and easy maintainable detection instrument also make its modeling and control confront a lot of difficulties. In respect of control strategy designing, an optimal control algorithm was put forward based on discharge index and minimum energy consumption, and the operation effectiveness was verified by simulation. To solve the problem of large search solution computation, an improved optimization algorithm is further proposed based on the thought of advance-retreat method, and this raises the solution efficiency significantly and contributes to real time application. In the matter of process monitoring, a process monitoring strategy based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is proposed to apply to monitor the sequencing batch reactor processes, so as to reduce misjudgments at process monitoring caused by non-linearity, a stable operation and other factors, and this enhances the availability and timeliness in diagnosis. On the basis of modeling of the three subsystems, the integrated simulation model of the urban wastewater system has been developed, and according to various requirements, some integrated control strategies aimed at river water quality were designed. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2012-08-29 |
| 产权排序 | 1 |
| 分类号 | X703.3 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.sia.ac.cn/handle/173321/9454]  |
| 专题 | 沈阳自动化研究所_工业信息学研究室_工业控制系统研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 樊立萍. 城市污水处理系统的集成建模与控制研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所. 2005. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：沈阳自动化研究所
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