城市污水处理过程建模、控制和优化
文献类型：学位论文
| 作者 | 张平 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2007-07-12 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 沈阳自动化研究所 |
| 导师 | 王宏 |
| 关键词 | 城市污水处理过程 活性污泥模型 模型简化 控制 优化 |
| 其他题名 | Modeling, controlling and optimization of urban wastewater treatment processes |
| 学位专业 | 机械电子工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 可持续发展的要求增强了人类有效利用资源和保护环境的意识，而城市污水处理过程是水环境保护中的一项重要内容。本文以城市污水生化脱氮处理过程——前置反硝化工艺为对象，研究通过建模、控制和优化手段，提高了整个污水处理系统运行性能和实现污水处理厂节能、降耗的理论和方法。论文的工作是在国际水协会发布的典型工艺与污水处理厂实际运行环境相结合的基础上完成，内容涉及模型简化、控制回路设计与评价、A/O系统优化设定控制方法及应用研究、过程模拟以及活性污泥A/O工艺仿真平台的建立。在模型简化方面，针对活性污泥污水处理系统多时间尺度、非线性、数学模型复杂以及不便于进行控制系统的设计和实施的问题。提出了一种新的奇异摄动法与灵敏度分析相结合模型简化方法，构造了包括主要状态变量的简化的奇异摄动模型，为控制系统的设计和实施奠定了基础。在控制回路设计与评价方面，建立了完整的城市污水处理过程控制系统设计框架及主要过程。在此基础上，实现了溶解氧、硝酸盐和污泥浓度三个控制回路，通过这三个控制回路的设计、仿真和分析，评价了在不同条件下不同控制策略的控制效果。针对溶解氧过程的非线性与时变性，提出了溶解氧的一般模型非线性控制策略，溶解氧的非线性过程模型直接整合到控制器中，提高了控制精度。针对入水水质的不确定性以及常规的控制方法能耗过高的问题，提出了前馈-串级控制方法，消除瞬间入水氨氮浓度的大幅变化带来的不利影响，使溶解氧控制更加完善，仿真表明这对降低瞬时氨氮冲击和曝气能耗都有效果。在A/O系统优化设定控制方法及应用研究方面，提出了一种以排水质量指标为约束条件，以能耗最小为目标的优化控制方案，并以简化模型为基础结合混合遗传算法进行寻优。在此基础上，结合污水处理厂的实际情况进行了优化设定控制方法的应用研究，通过实验验证了运行效果,达到了以满足出水水质要求的前提下使运行费用最小化的目标。最后建立了活性污泥A/O工艺仿真平台，通过该仿真平台可以实现污水处理过程的动态模拟、控制策略的选择、工艺参数的修改以及数据的拟合与统计。仿真平台提供了完善的用户界面，便于用户的使用和操作，并可通过OPC for Matlab与实际过程连接，验证控制策略的实效性。借助于此仿真平台，有助于工艺设计与改进以及进行控制策略的开发与应用研究。并且建立了包括数据收集与处理、水质组分的转化、参数灵敏度分析与校准等内容的完整模拟方案，并对实际过程进行了模拟，为活性污泥数学模型在实际中的应用提供了重要的前提和基础。 |
| 索取号 | X703.3/Z33/2008 |
| 英文摘要 | Sustainable development boosts up human consciousness of using resource and protecting environment. The object in the dissertation is pre-denitrification plants for biological nitrogen removal processes, the aim is to study theories and methodologies to enhance treatment performances and realize energy saving by means of advanced modeling, controlling and optimizing methods. The work of the dissertation is performed in practical urban wastewater treatment plant and benchmark issued by International Water Association. Model simplification, design and evaluation of control loops, anoxic/aerobic (A/O) system optimization control and application research, process simulation, and activated sludge anoxic/aerobic system simulation platform are involved in the dissertation. In the respect of model reduced, activated sludge process is extremely complex due to its multi-time scales nature, high dimensionality and non-linearity. For the problem, singular perturbation and sensitivity analysis are proposed to reduce the system dimension. A singular perturbation model including primary state variables is derived based on the nature of activated sludge process，which becomes the foundation for the design and implement of control system. In the design and evaluation of control loops, a universal control system design structure and primary process for urban wastewater treatment process are set up. Three control loops of dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate and mixed liquid supended solid (MLSS) are realized based on presented structure. By means of design, simulation and analysis for the three control loops, control effects are evaluated under different conditions with different control strategies. Because of high nonlinearity and time-varying of DO process, the generic model nonlinearity control is presented to control DO, the nonlinearity model of DO can be involved in the controller directly and control precision is improved. For the uncertainty of influent and high energy consuming under normal control, feedforward-cascade control is presented which can avoid the bad influence of instantaneous big changes of influent ammonia. That makes the DO control technique more perfect and simulation results show that it is effective in reducing instantaneous ammonia impact and aeration energy. About anoxic/aerobic system optimization control and application research, an optimal control scheme for pre-denitrification type of biological wastewater treatment process is proposed to achieve the wastewater effluent standards with minimal energy consumption control scheme. Based on the reduced model, a hybrid genetic is proposed to look for the optimal value and it raises the solution efficiency significantly. Based on the scheme, unified the actual situation of wastewater treatment plant to conduct the optimization control method application research. Simulation experiments evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme and achieve the goal. At last, an activated sludge anoxic/aerobic simulation platform is set up, which can be used to perform dynamic simulation, the choice of control strategise, technics parameters adjustment, data fitting and statistic. Perfect HMIs in simulation platform are provided, which is convenient for user to use and operation. The simulation platform can be connected to practical wastewater treatment process through OPC for Matlab and actual effects can be validated under different control strategies. By virtue of the simulation platform, it is useful in technics design and the development and application for control strategy. And an integrated simulation scheme including data collecting and disposing, water quality component transforming and parameters sensitivity analysis is set up. A practical wastewater treatment plant is simulated and the base and precondition are supplied for activated sludge model to be used in practice. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-29 |
| 产权排序 | 1 |
| 页码 | 131 |
| 分类号 | X703.3 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.sia.ac.cn//handle/173321/113]  |
| 专题 | 沈阳自动化研究所_工业信息学研究室_工业控制系统研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张平. 城市污水处理过程建模、控制和优化[D]. 沈阳自动化研究所. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所. 2007. |
入库方式： OAI收割
来源：沈阳自动化研究所
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