Corn Stover  Soluble Lignin Compounds  Nadh/nad Ratio  A/b Ratio  Clostridium  

Carbon nanotubes have been attracting attention because of their unique physical properties and their application potential for field emission cathode. Carbon nanotubes possess the following properties favorable for field emission material  such as a high aspect ratio and sharp tip  high chemical stability  high mechanical strength  stable at high temperature. Some research works on carbon nanotubes field emitter and field emission display have been reported. Here  a kind of carbon microtubes and its field emission properties are introduced. They have some different properties with carbon nanotubes  and the density is lower than carbon nanotubes bundles. These carbon microtubes are directly synthesized by liquidoid epitaxy method on silicon substrates at low temperature. The field emission properties of carbon microtubes are reported too. Carbon microtubes film is synthesized in liquid by electrolysis. The graphite plate is as anode  and n-silicon substrate with resistivity of 4-8 cm is as cathode. The electrolysis current is about 5-8mA/cm2  and applied voltage is 800-1500V. Temperatures of the methanol base solution is maintained at 60C in process of deposition of carbon microtubes. Carbon microtubes film is observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)  as shown in fig.1(a  b). The wall's thickness of carbon microtube is about 60nm. The diameter of carbon microtube is about 0.8 m. Raman spectrum of carbon microtubes film shows the two peaks at 1342and 1560cm-1. The field emission properties of carbon microtubes are measured in high vacuum chamber(10-5Pa). The emission area of carbon microtubes is 0.5cm 0.5cm. The threshold of field emission of the carbon microtubes film is about 3.6V/ m. Field emission property of carbon microtubes film is shown in fig.2. Another  when the electric field between anode and cathode is 10V/ m  the electric field distribution on single carbon microtube is also given after calculation according to electric field theory. Fig 3 shows that electric field distribution vertical section on the of single carbon microtube top with 2 m of highness. These results may help us to understand field emission properties of carbon microtubes. According to research results  it is found that liquidoid synthesis is simple method to produce carbon microtubes cold cathode material  and the carbon microtubes have better field emission properties. 2005 IEEE.  

The  J/Ψ  hadronic  decays  involving  2(π+π-)π°and  2(K+K-)  final  states  are  investigated  by  using  the  sample  of  2.5  *  10~6  J/Ψ's  which  were  obtained  from  the  BES  detector  at  BEPC  in  the  first  half  of  1990.  Some  signals  such  as  ω(782)  φ(1020)  f2(1270)  f2'(1525)  θ/f2(1720)  b1(1235)  and  a2(1320)  have  been  found  and  measured  the  mass  width  and  branching  fraction  of  reasonance  states.  The  results  are  agreement  with  the  world  average  values.  The  ratio  of  Br(J/Ψ  →  ω  f2(1270))/Br(J/Ψ→ρ°a2°)  shows  that  doubly  OZI  violating  effects  play  a  role  in  the  J/Ψ  →  ω  f2(1270)  f2(1270)  →  π+π-  are  given  in  the  first  time:  x  =  0.99  ±  0.29  Y  =  -0.24  ±  0.17  Z1  =  0.90  ±  0.57  Z2  =  0.56  ±  0.22.