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PARTIALLY LINEAR-MODELS  EFFICIENT ESTIMATION  NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION  Fixed effect  profile likelihood  semi-varying coefficient model for panel data  

A series of NaYF4: Yb3+  Er3+ nanoparticles with different doping concentration were successfully prepared by the combination of coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods using sodium citrate as chelator. Upconversion luminescence can be observed in all of the samples at room temperature. Fixed the Er3+ concentration with 1 mol% unchanged  the effect of the Yb3+ concentration on the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4: Yb3+  Er3+ samples were studied when the doped Yb3+ concentrations were 0 mol%  1 mol%  2 mol%  5 mol%  10 mol% and 20 mol%  respectively. As increasing the Yb 3+ concentration  the total intensity of the upconversion luminescence of the samples is increasing while the ratio of red to green emission increases firstly and then decreases. The maximum ratio value is 22.1 when the Yb3+ concentration is 10 mol%. It is found that the cross relaxation and cooperative sensitization effect are the reasons for the phenomenon above. (2012) Trans Tech Publications.  

We calculate the influence of temperature change on the refractive index of air  establish a model of air temperature distribution and analyze the effect of different temperature distribution on the high accuracy interferometric metrology. First  a revised Edlen formula is employed to acquire the relation between temperature and refractive index of air  followed by introducing the fixed temperature gradient distribution among the spatial grid within the optical cavity between the reference flat and the test flat of the Fizeau interferometer  accompanied by a temperature change random function within each grid. Finally  all the rays through the air layer with different incident angles are traced by Matlab program in order to obtain the final output position  angle and OPD for each ray. The influence of different temperature distribution and the length of the optical cavity in on the testing accuracy can be analyzed through the RMS value that results from repeatable rays tracing. As a result  the horizontal distribution (vertical to optical axis) has a large effect on the testing accuracy. Thus  to realize the high accuracy figure metrology  the horizontal distribution of temperature must be rigorously controlled as well as to shorten the length of the optical cavity to a large extent. The results from our simulation are of great significant for the accuracy analysis of interferometric testing and the research of manufacturing a interferometer. 2010 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.